Congenital aplasia (agenesis) of the uterus is often found only in adolescence, when a girl gets to see a gynecologist because of a lack of menstruation.
Our skin is not only the largest, but also a very important organ, so trauma and pathology with serious damage or loss of skin can be life threatening. Transplantation or skin grafting is the most common way to restore the integrity of the skin.
The first successfully transplanted organ was the kidney (Murray J., Boston, USA, 1954). It was a related transplantation: the donor was an identical twin of a recipient suffering from chronic renal failure. In 1963, T. Shtartsl in Denver (USA) initiated the clinical transplantation of the liver, but real success was achieved only in 1967.
The most frequent indications for corneal transplantation are bullous keratopathy (artifacial, endothelial dystrophy of Fuchs, aphakic), keratoconus, repeated transplantation of tissues, keratitis (viral, bacterial, fungal, Acanthamoeba, perforation) and corneal stromal dystrophy.
Skin allografts are used in patients with extensive burns and other conditions with massive loss of skin. Allografts are used to cover large affected surfaces and, thus, reduce the loss of tissue fluid and proteins and prevent the development of invasive infections.
Small bowel transplantation is indicated in patients with malabsorption syndrome associated with intestinal diseases (gastroschisis, Hirschsprung's disease, autoimmune enteritis) or with intestinal resection (mesenteric thromboembolism or common Crohn's disease)
Transplantation of islet cells of the pancreas has theoretical advantages in comparison with the whole organ transplantation: the procedure is less invasive, the islets can be stored in cryopreserved, which makes it possible to optimize the transplantation time.
Pancreas transplantation is a form of replacement of pancreatic p-cells, which allows to restore the normal blood sugar level - normoglycemia - in diabetic patients.
Liver transplantation takes the 2nd place among transplantation of solid organs. The indications are cirrhosis of the liver (70% of transplants in the US, 60-70% of which are associated with hepatitis C); fulminant liver necrosis (about 8%); hepatocellular carcinoma (about 7%)
