At the current level of knowledge, the term "constitution" reflects the unity of the morphological and functional organization of a person, reflected in the individual characteristics of his structure and functions. Their changes are the body's response to constantly changing factors of the external environment.
Currently, one of the indicators of the socio-economic development of modern society is the life expectancy of citizens, which largely depends on health, physical activity and physical education.
The skeleton of the spinal column serves as a solid support for the body and consists of 33-34 vertebrae. A vertebra includes two parts - the vertebral body (in front) and the vertebral arch (in back). The vertebral body accounts for the bulk of the vertebra.
The human musculoskeletal system, from the point of view of biomechanics, is a system of biokinematic chains, all of whose biolinks are united into biokinematic pairs and have connections between themselves that determine their external freedom of movement.
The human spinal column successively passes through membranous, cartilaginous and osseous stages of development. Its elements appear in the early stages of embryonic development.
Various species of mammals, in the process of evolutionary development, have occupied their own ecological niches, which differ, among other things, in the conditions of interaction of their organism with the Earth's gravitational field.
Considering the unique structure of the cervical spine (CS), the importance of the physiological functions it provides and the diversity of pathological processes, we considered it necessary to dwell in more detail on the anatomical and functional features and some variants of pathology of the cervical spine.
Traditionally, the results of treatment of vertebrological patients are assessed based on the data of radiation research methods, and the individual capabilities of the patient are characterized only in terms of determining the disability group.
Knowledge of the anatomical features of blood flow both along the length and across the spinal cord allows us to quite accurately determine the zone of spinal ischemia, which is of fundamental importance in the analysis of clinical manifestations of vascular diseases of the spinal cord.
Normal (or anatomical) posture is the ability of the torso to maintain a vertical position in the sagittal and frontal planes with a uniform load on the legs, extended at the knee joints.
