Infectious and parasitic diseases

Schistosomiasis japonica: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Japanese schistosomiasis is a chronic tropical trematodosis of Southeast Asia, characterized by predominant damage to the gastrointestinal tract and liver.

Intestinal schistosomiasis Manson: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Manson intestinal schistosomiasis is a chronic tropical intestinal trematodosis with predominant damage to the digestive system.

Genitourinary schistosomiasis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The acute period of urogenital schistosomiasis coincides with the penetration of cercariae into the host organism and the migration of schistosomulae through the blood vessels. During this period, at the stage of cercariae penetration, dilation of skin vessels, redness, fever, itching and swelling of the skin are observed. These phenomena disappear after 3-4 days.

Pediatric leishmaniasis

Mediterranean-Central Asian visceral leishmaniasis (synonyms: childhood leishmaniasis, childhood kala-azar). Childhood leishmaniasis is caused by L. infantum. Childhood leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease. There are 3 types of foci of Mediterranean-Central Asian leishmaniasis

Indian visceral leishmaniasis.

Indian visceral leishmaniasis (synonyms: black disease, dum-dum fever, kala-azar). Indian visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania donovani, which parasitizes intracellularly in the human body in the amastigote (non-flagellate) stage, and in the carrier's body - in the promastigote (flagellate) stage. Kala-azar (translated from Sanskrit - "black disease") affects adults, and only in 5-6% of cases - children and adolescents.

Visceral leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis in the Old World has two varieties - Mediterranean (childhood) visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and Indian visceral leishmaniasis (adult leishmaniasis, kala-azar).

Espundia (Brazilian cutaneous leishmaniasis).

Espondia (Espundio) (Synonym: Brazilian mucocutaneous leishmaniasis). American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis has several nosological forms, the causative agents of which belong to the L. brasiliensis complex. The most severe form is Brazilian leishmaniasis (espondia), in which in 80% of cases, in addition to skin ulcers at the site of introduction of the pathogen, extensive lesions of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, larynx, as well as cartilage of soft tissues and even bones occur.

American cutaneous mucosal and cutaneous leishmanioses

In the Eastern Hemisphere, cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the L. tropica complex; the disease is often called oriental ulcer. In the Western Hemisphere, this form of the disease is caused by leishmania of the L. mexicana and L. brasiliensis complexes.

Diffuse (Ethiopian) cutaneous leishmaniasis

Diffuse (Ethiopian) cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by L. aephiopica. The causative agent of diffuse (Ethiopian) cutaneous leishmaniasis is L. aephiopica, which has a very limited distribution on the African continent (Kenya, Ethiopia) and causes a variety of clinical manifestations.

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis

The causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is L. major. It differs from the causative agent of the anthroponotic subtype of cutaneous leishmaniasis by a number of biological and serological features.