"Blue sclera" is most often a sign of Lobstein-van der Heve syndrome, which belongs to a group of constitutional defects of connective tissue, caused by multiple gene damages.
There may be an acquired change in the color of the sclera - blackish, dirty-gray-bluish spots (yellow sclera) - when taking certain medications, silver preparations, or using cosmetics.
Rheumatism and rheumatoid diseases occupy a prominent place among the various causes of eye pathology. Episcleritis and scleritis in rheumatism are more common than teponitis and myositis and affect mainly young and mature people, equally often men and women.
In tuberculosis of the eye, scleritis occurs mainly secondarily due to the spread of the tuberculous process from the vascular tract to the sclera in the area of the ciliary body or peripheral parts of the choroid.
Episcleritis is an inflammation of the connective tissue that forms the outer surface of the sclera. It is usually bilateral, usually benign, and occurs about twice as often in women over 40.
Conjunctival lymphoma usually presents in old age with eye irritation or painless swelling. Slowly growing, mobile, pinkish-yellow or flesh-colored infiltrates located in the lower fornix or epibulbarly.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is a rare, slow-growing, low-grade tumor that may arise independently or from preexisting CIN. It is most common in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and AIDS.
Pedunculated conjunctival papilloma manifestations may be early, after birth, or years later. Papillomas, which may be numerous and sometimes bilateral, are most often located on the palpebral conjunctiva, fornix, or caruncle.
