Diseases of the eyes (ophthalmology)

Eyelid trauma and hematoma

A hematoma (black eye) is the most common result of blunt trauma to the eyelid or forehead and is usually harmless, but it is important to rule out the presence of the following more serious conditions in the patient.

Sympathetic ophthalmia

Sympathetic ophthalmia is an extremely rare, bilateral granulomatous panuveitis that develops after penetrating trauma complicated by choroidal prolapse, or after intraocular surgery (less common).

Congenital tumors of the eye socket

Neoplasms of this group include dermoid and epidermoid (cholesteatoma) cysts, which make up about 9% of all orbital tumors. Their growth is accelerated by trauma, and cases of malignancy have been described.

Benign tumors of the eye socket

Vascular neoplasms dominate this group (25%), neurogenic tumors (neurinoma, neurofibroma, optic nerve tumors) make up about 16%.

Malignant tumors of the eye socket

Tumors of the orbit make up 23-25% of all neoplasms of the visual organ. Almost all tumors observed in humans develop in it. The frequency of primary tumors is 94.5%, secondary and metastatic - 5.5%.

Retinoblastoma

The study of retinoblastoma has a history of more than four centuries (the first description of retinoblastoma was given in 1597 by Petraus Pawius from Amsterdam). For many years it was considered a rare tumor - no more than 1 case per 30,000 live births.

Chorioid melanoma

Choroidal melanoma begins to develop in the outer layers of the choroid and, according to recent data, is represented by two main cell types: spindle cell A and epithelioid.

Benign tumors of the chorioidea

Benign tumors of the choroid are rare and include hemangioma, osteoma, and fibrous histiocytoma.

Melanoma of the ciliary body

Ciliary body melanoma accounts for less than 1% of all choroidal melanomas. The tumor develops in the fifth to sixth decades of life, but there are reports in the literature of the occurrence of melanoma of this localization in children.

Iris melanoma

Iris melanoma develops at the age of 9 to 84 years, more often in the fifth decade of life in women. In half of the patients, the duration of the disease before contacting a doctor is about 1 year, in the rest, a dark spot on the iris is noticed in childhood.