Diseases of the nervous system (neurology)

Acute transverse myelitis

Acute transverse myelitis is an acute inflammation of the gray and white matter of one or more adjacent segments, usually the thoracic segments. Causes include postinfectious inflammation, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune inflammation, vasculitis, and drug effects.

Compression syndromes of the upper thoracic aperture

Thoracic outlet compression syndromes are a poorly defined group of disorders characterized by pain and paresthesia in the hands, neck, shoulders, or arms.

Spinal amyotrophies: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Spine amyotrophies are a group of hereditary diseases characterized by damage to skeletal muscles due to progressive degeneration of neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord and motor nuclei of the brainstem.

Mononeuropathy: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Mononeuropathy involves sensory disturbances and weakness in the distribution of the affected nerve or nerves. The diagnosis is made clinically but should be confirmed by electrodiagnostic tests.

Plexopathies: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Brachial and lumbosacral plexopathies result in painful sensorimotor damage to the corresponding limb.

Herniation of the pulp nucleus: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

A herniated nucleus pulposus (bulging, rupture, or prolapse of an intervertebral disc) is a prolapse of the central portion of the intervertebral disc through the annulus fibrosus.

Laryngeal neuralgia.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a recurrent attack of severe pain in the area of innervation of the IX pair of cranial nerves (posterior pharyngeal wall, posterior 1/3 of the tongue, middle ear). Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is diagnosed clinically. Treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia with carbamazepine or gabapentin.

Bell's palsy

Bell's palsy is an idiopathic sudden unilateral peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve (VII pair).

trigeminal neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia (pain tic) - paroxysms of severe, sharp, shooting facial pain due to damage to the 5th pair of cranial nerves. Diagnosis is based on the clinical picture. Usual treatment is carbamazepine or gabapentin; sometimes - surgery.

Subacute and chronic meningitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Inflammation of the meninges lasting more than 2 weeks (subacute meningitis) or more than 1 month (chronic meningitis) of infectious or non-infectious origin (e.g. cancer). Diagnosis is based on the results of CSF examination, usually after preliminary CT or MRI. Treatment is aimed at the underlying cause of the disease.