Diseases of the nervous system (neurology)

Brain tumors

Brain tumors account for 2-8.6% of all human neoplasms, according to various sources. Among organic CNS diseases, tumors account for 4.2-4.4%. The number of newly diagnosed CNS tumors increases by 1-2% annually. In adults, the mortality rate due to brain tumors ranks 3-5th among all causes of death.

Arterial aneurysms of cerebral vessels

An aneurysm is a local widening of the lumen of an artery as a result of changes or damage to its walls. Most often, brain aneurysms are a disease of the arterial triads of the polygon of Willis.

Arteriovenous malformation

Arteriovenous malformation is a congenital defect in the development of blood vessels, which is characterized by the presence of an abnormal network of arteriovenous anastomoses. Most often, arteriovenous malformations are located in the posterior cranial fossa and have a fairly typical structure - one or two true arteries, a tangle of LVM and one draining vein.

Osteochondrosis

Osteochondrosis is a degenerative-dystrophic disease that includes a complex of changes in the intervertebral disc and surrounding tissues and is manifested by polymorphic neurological syndromes. Osteochondrosis is the cause of back pain in 80% of cases.

Spinal cord tumors

Spinal cord tumors account for 10-15% of all CNS tumors and occur equally frequently in men and women aged 20 to 60 years.

Meningiomas

Meningiomas are benign tumors of the meninges that can compress adjacent brain tissue. Symptoms of meningiomas depend on the location of the tumor.

Gliomas

Gliomas are primary tumors that develop from the brain parenchyma. Symptoms and diagnosis are the same as for other brain tumors. Treatment is surgical, radiological, and for some tumors, chemotherapeutic. Excision rarely leads to a cure.

Cervical spondylosis

Cervical spondylosis - osteoarthritis of the cervical spine - leads to stenosis of the canal, and with the proliferation of bone tissue (osteophytes) at the lower level of the cervical spine - to cervical myelopathy, sometimes with involvement of the lower cervical nerve roots (radiculomyelopathy).

Tropical spastic paraparesis

Tropical spastic paraparesis is a slowly progressive viral immune-mediated disorder of the spinal cord caused by human T-lymphocyte virus type 1 (HTLV-1).

Spinal cord compression

Various causes lead to compression of the spinal cord, causing segmental sensory and motor deficits, reflex changes, and sphincter dysfunction. Diagnosis is confirmed by MRI. Treatment is aimed at eliminating compression.