Diseases of the genitourinary system

What causes pyelonephritis?

The most common causes of pyelonephritis are representatives of the Entembacteriaceae family (gram-negative rods), of which Escherichia coli accounts for about 80% (in acute uncomplicated cases); less common pathogens are Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp.

Pyelonephritis - Information Overview

Pyelonephritis is an infectious and inflammatory disease of the kidneys with predominant damage to the renal pelvis and calyces, tubulointerstitial tissue and often with involvement of the glomerular apparatus.

Medullary sponge kidney.

Medullary sponge kidney belongs to the group of so-called cystic kidney diseases; it is characterized by ectasia and the formation of cysts in the segments of collecting tubules located inside the renal pyramids and papillae.

Endemic Balkan nephropathy

Endemic Balkan nephropathy is a chronic non-inflammatory disorder of the renal tubulointerstitium. This disease is observed only in the Danube River basin in Serbia, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Bulgaria.

Kidney damage in metabolic diseases

With a persistent increase in serum calcium concentration, it is deposited in kidney tissue. The main target of calcium is the structures of the renal medulla. Atrophic changes, fibrosis and focal infiltrates consisting mainly of mononuclear cells are observed in the tubulointerstitium. Hypercalcemia is caused by various reasons.

Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis - Diagnosis

In analgesic nephropathy, even at the preclinical stage, most patients show a depression in the relative density of urine when performing the Zimnitsky test.

Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis - Symptoms

Extrarenal symptoms of chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (analgesic nephropathy), including the drug allergic triad, are not characteristic of NSAIDs.

What causes chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis?

Chronic drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis, unlike many other forms of chronic nephropathy, is potentially preventable. Most cases are associated with long-term use of NSAIDs and non-narcotic analgesics; the term analgesic nephropathy is used to describe them.

Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis

Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis is caused by a variety of reasons, of which medications and metabolic disorders are the most important. Like acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, chronic nephritis is much more often observed in elderly and senile patients.

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis is characterized by pronounced inflammatory changes in the structures of the renal interstitium with infiltration mainly by lymphocytes (up to 80% of all cells), as well as polymorphonuclear leukocytes; granulomas are less commonly found.