Atony and paralysis of the esophagus are conditions characterized by functional disorders of the neuromuscular apparatus of the esophagus, the causes of which are so numerous that they cannot be subject to any kind of comprehensive systematization.
Esophageal dilations are characterized by a gigantic enlargement throughout the entire length of the esophageal cavity with characteristic morphological changes in its walls with a sharp narrowing of its cardiac segment, called cardiospasm.
Mechanical injuries to the esophagus are among the most severe injuries, often ending in death even despite timely and fully implemented treatment measures. Anatomical injuries to the esophagus (wounds, ruptures, perforations by foreign bodies) are the responsibility of thoracic surgeons.
Plummer-Vinson syndrome is characterized by atrophy of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus and is manifested by many systemic symptoms: swallowing disorder, dysphagia, burning sensation in the tongue
Trophic diseases of the esophagus arise as a result of local or general pathogenic factors and are manifested by various pathomorphological changes in its mucous membrane and deeper layers.
Contact ulcer of the esophagus is a rare disease that occurs as a result of prolonged pressing contact of the walls of the esophagus, located in front between the plate of the cricoid cartilage and behind - the body of the sixth cervical vertebra.
Esophageal scleroderma is one of the manifestations of systemic scleroderma, a progressive disease characterized by changes in connective tissue with the development of sclerosis and obliterating damage to arterioles.
Actinomycosis of the esophagus is a rare disease, the occurrence of which is possible only if the mucous membrane of the esophagus is damaged and infected agents are retained in it.
Pemphigus of the esophagus is one of the varieties of bullous diseases of the mucous membrane and skin, which is the most severe disease of all known malignant dermatoses.
