Tropical sprue is an acquired disease, probably of infectious etiology, characterized by malabsorption and megaloblastic anemia. The diagnosis is established clinically and by small intestinal biopsy. Treatment of tropical sprue involves the use of tetracycline and folic acid for 6 months.
Short bowel syndrome is malabsorption resulting from extensive small bowel resection. Manifestations of the disease depend on the length and function of the remaining small bowel, but diarrhea may be severe and malnutrition is common.
Intestinal lymphangiectasia is an obstruction or malformation of the intramucosal lymphatic vessels of the small intestine. It is primarily seen in children and young adults. Symptoms of intestinal lymphangiectasia include malabsorption with growth retardation and edema. Diagnosis is based on small intestinal biopsy.
Appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the appendix, usually manifested by abdominal pain, anorexia, and abdominal tenderness. The diagnosis is made clinically, often supplemented by CT or ultrasound. Treatment of appendicitis involves surgical removal of the appendix.
Among chronic non-specific diseases accompanying pulmonary tuberculosis, diseases of the digestive organs occupy one of the central places. Most often these are gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, duodenitis.
An esophageal diverticulum is a protrusion of the mucosa through the muscular layer of the esophagus. The condition may be asymptomatic or cause dysphagia and regurgitation. Diagnosis is by barium swallow; surgical treatment of esophageal diverticulum is rare.
Defects of the esophagus include its dysgenesis, concerning its shape, size and topographic relationship to the surrounding tissues. The frequency of these defects is on average 1:10,000, the sex ratio is 1:1.
Vascular diseases of the esophagus are divided into traumatic (primarily occurring) and “genuine”, occurring with various diseases of the esophagus and anatomically associated abdominal organs, as well as with some systemic vascular diseases.
Esophageal spasms are parakinetic disorders of the motor function of this organ, caused by toxic, microbial and viral neuritis of the nerves innervating it, as well as meningoencephalitis of a similar nature.
