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Diseases of the ear, throat and nose (otolaryngology)

Pharyngeal injuries with hyoid bone fractures: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The hyoid bone is an unpaired bone formation of the neck skeleton. It is located in the middle of the neck, below and behind the chin and immediately above the thyroid cartilage.

Pharyngeal foreign bodies: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Foreign bodies in the pharynx are classified as damaging factors, since their effect on the pharyngeal wall can result in abrasions, punctures of the mucous membrane and damage to the deeper layers of the pharynx.

Injuries to the pharynx: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The pharynx is an organ of primary importance in anatomical and functional terms. Anatomically, it borders on large arterial vessels, injuries to which in most cases lead to death, with large nerve trunks that provide innervation of many vital organs.

Hypertrophy of the tubal tonsil: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

In the membranous-cartilaginous part of the auditory tube there are clusters of lymphadenous tissue, first described by the German anatomist Gerlach. This tissue is more developed in the area of the isthmus of the auditory tube and is especially abundant in the area of the bell of the nasopharyngeal opening, where it forms the tubular tonsil.

Hypertrophy of the lingual tonsil: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hypertrophy of the lingual tonsil is a common developmental anomaly of this organ, which is often accompanied by hypertrophy of other solitary lymphadenoid formations of the pharynx.

Pharyngokeratosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

This disease has long been included in the group of pharyngomycoses, having many common features with these common diseases of the pharynx and oral cavity. In fact, in terms of etiology and pathogenesis, it stands alone, and only in 1951 was it described by the Polish doctor J. Baldenwiecki as an independent chronic nosological form with clearly defined symptoms.

Ozena of the pharynx: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

This disease can spread to the nasopharynx, pharynx, trachea and bronchi, as well as to the auditory tube and lacrimal ducts, causing corresponding morphological and functional disorders.

Chronic diseases of the pharynx: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The expression “chronic diseases of the throat” reflects a collective concept in which, it would seem, the only unifying feature is that all diseases included in this class last for a long time (months and years).

Chronic atrophic pharyngitis.

Chronic atrophic pharyngitis is the last stage of chronic pharyngitis, ending with progressive sclerosis of all organs of the mucous membrane, submucosal layer, glandular and lymphoid apparatus.

Chronic pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis is a group of diseases of the mucous membrane of the pharynx and the mucous glands and lymphadenoid granules diffusely located in it.