Diseases of the ear, throat and nose (otolaryngology)

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis of young children

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis in young children (1-2 years) is one of the most severe diseases that complicate influenza infection, often ending in death despite all measures taken.

Acute catarrhal laryngitis

Acute catarrhal laryngitis is characterized by acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx, caused by infection with common microbiota.

Pharyngeal sensitivity disorders: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Disorders of the sensitivity of the pharynx are divided into anesthesia, hypoesthesia, hyperesthesia and paresthesia.

Paresthesias of the pharynx: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Paresthesias are disorders of sensitivity that are not associated with any external influence and are characterized by the occurrence of various, often unusual, externally unmotivated sensations, such as a feeling of ants crawling, numbness, stiffness of individual areas of the skin or mucous membrane.

Neurologic disorders of the pharynx: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The adequate functioning of the pharynx is based on complex, mutually coordinated neural processes, the slightest disruption of which leads to disorganization of the alimentary and respiratory functions at this level.

Giant styloid process: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The giant styloid process, directed with its body from above-anteriorly and inwardly, reaches with its end the lower pole of the palatine tonsil. It passes in close proximity to the lateral surface of the facial nerve, between the external and internal carotid arteries.

Congenital pharyngeal fistula: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital fistulas of the pharynx can be complete or incomplete. The former have a through character: an external opening on the skin of the anterior or lateral surface of the neck, the latter are blind: either an opening only on the skin with a fistulous tract ending in the tissues of the neck, or vice versa, only an opening on the side of the pharynx, also with a blind fistulous tract in the tissues of the neck.

Soft palate cleft: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Cleft soft palate occurs when the embryonic rudiments of the soft palate do not fuse. The palatine plates do not fuse completely along the midline, which is realized in various defects of the soft palate - from the most insignificant, for example, when only the uvula is split (uvula bifida), to a complete cleft of the soft palate, often involving the hard palate.

Soft palate underdevelopment: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Underdevelopment of the soft palate owes its origin to a disruption in the development of the embryonic rudiments of the palatine plates, which can also lead to an anomaly in the development of the hard palate (Gothic vault of the oral cavity, underdevelopment of the posterior parts of the palatine plates).

Scarring stenosis of the pharynx: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Cicatricial stenosis of the pharynx, which leads to progressive stenosis, can occur at all three of its levels. Stenosis of the upper pharynx (nasopharynx) is caused mostly by cicatricial adhesion of the soft palate and the back wall of the pharynx.