Research of hemostasis system

Coagulogram norm

The coagulogram norm is a very important indicator. The fact is that the analysis performed must correspond to certain acceptable figures. Any deviation indicates the presence of problems in the human body. More detailed information on this issue can be found below.

Coagulogram

A coagulogram is one of the types of blood tests. It is performed solely for the purpose of studying coagulation capabilities. This is a very relevant issue today.

D dimer

When fibrin fibers are split, fragments called D-dimers are formed. When determining the content of D-dimers using specific antisera, it is possible to judge the extent to which fibrinolysis, but not fibrogenolysis, is expressed in the blood being tested. An increased content of D-dimer is one of the main markers of hemostasis system activation, since it reflects both the formation of fibrin in the blood being tested and its lysis.

Fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products

Fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products are formed in the body upon activation of the fibrinolysis system (interaction of plasmin with fibrinogen and fibrin), which develops in response to intravascular fibrin formation. Fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products have antithromboplastin, antithrombin and antipolymerase effects.

Alpha 2 antiplasmin

Alpha2-antiplasmin is the main fast-acting plasmin inhibitor. It suppresses fibrinolytic and esterase activity almost instantly. Its mechanism of action is based on the fact that it prevents the adsorption of plasminogen on fibrin, thus reducing the amount of plasmin formed on the clot surface and thereby sharply slowing down fibrinolysis.

Plasminogen

Plasminogen (profibrinolysin) is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin (fibrinolysin). Determination of plasminogen is of the utmost importance for assessing the state of the fibrinolytic system.

Protein S

Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein. It circulates in the blood in two forms: free (40%) and bound to the C4 component of complement (60%). They are in dynamic equilibrium, but only the free protein is active. Protein S is a cofactor of protein C in the process of inactivation of Va and VIIIa blood coagulation factors.

Protein C

Protein C is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein of blood plasma. It is synthesized by the liver as an inactive proenzyme, which under the influence of the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex is converted into an active form. Activated protein C is an anticoagulant enzyme that selectively inactivates factors Va and VIIIa by hydrolyzing them in the presence of ionized calcium, phospholipids and its cofactor, protein S, thereby preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

Activated clotting time (ABC)

The method of determining activated blood clotting time (ABC) allows monitoring and regulating the level of heparinization of the patient during the operation of artificial organs (artificial blood circulation machine, artificial kidney, liver, hemosorption), calculating the neutralizing dose of protamine sulfate and assessing the completeness of heparin neutralization.

Heparin in plasma

Heparin is a sulfated polysaccharide, synthesized in mast cells, does not penetrate the placenta. It is found in large quantities in the liver and lungs. It converts antithrombin III into an immediate-action anticoagulant. It forms complexes with fibrinogen, plasmin and adrenaline that have anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects.