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Proteins and protein fractions

Bence-Jones protein

The urine of a healthy person does not contain Bence-Jones protein, which is represented by light chains of immunoglobulins that are detected as a result of the formation of malignant tumor processes.

RARR analysis

In this article we will talk about the analysis of PAPP-A – a plasma protein, the determination of which is of no small importance during pregnancy.

Serum Homocysteine

Homocysteine is a product of amino acid metabolism (the conversion of methionine to cysteine). Approximately 70% of plasma homocysteine is bound to albumin, 30% is oxidized to disulfide, and only 1% is free.

Ammonia in serum

Ammonia is a product of protein metabolism, formed in all tissues. The largest amount of ammonia (80%) is formed inside the intestine under the influence of bacteria.

Uric acid in the urine

Uric acid excreted in urine reflects the intake of purines from food and the breakdown of endogenous purine nucleotides.

Uric acid in serum

Uric acid is a product of the metabolism of purine bases, which are part of complex proteins - nucleoproteins. The resulting uric acid is excreted by the kidneys.

Endogenous creatinine clearance (Reberg-Tareyev test)

The Reberg-Tareev test allows one to judge glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption in the kidneys. The test is based on the fact that creatinine is filtered only by the glomeruli, is practically not absorbed and is secreted by the tubules in insignificant quantities.

Creatinine in the urine

The daily excretion of creatinine in urine is relatively constant, equivalent to the daily formation and directly depends on muscle mass and the excretory capacity of the kidneys.

Serum creatinine

Creatinine is the end product of creatine breakdown, which plays an important role in the energy metabolism of muscle and other tissues.

Urea (urea nitrogen) in urine

The excretion of urea in urine is proportional to the protein content of the diet, as well as the rate of metabolism of endogenous proteins.