Analyzes for hormones

Gastrin in the blood

Gastrin is formed in the G cells of the antral part of the stomach and is synthesized in small amounts in the mucosa of the small intestine. The main forms of gastrin (G) in the blood plasma are G-34 (a large gastrin, with a half-life of 42 min), G-17 (a small gastrin, with a half-life of 5 min) and G-14 (minigastrin, with a half-life of 5 min) .

Glucagon in the blood

Glucagon is a polypeptide consisting of 29 amino acid residues. It has a short half-life (several minutes) and is a functional insulin antagonist. Glucagon predominantly forms α-cells of the pancreas, duodenum, however, secretion by ectopic cells in the bronchi and kidneys is possible.

C-peptide in serum

C-peptide - a fragment of the molecule of proinsulin, as a result of the cleavage of which forms insulin. Insulin and C-peptide are secreted into the blood in equimolar amounts. The half-life of the C-peptide in the blood is higher than that of insulin, so the C-peptide / insulin ratio is 5: 1.

Proinsulin in serum

One of the reasons for the development of diabetes mellitus may be a violation of the secretion of insulin from beta cells to the blood. For the diagnosis of impaired secretion of insulin in the blood, the definition of proinsulin and C-peptide is used. Change in the concentrations of proinsulin for various forms of diabetes mellitus.

Insulin in serum

Insulin is a polypeptide whose monomeric form consists of two chains: A (of 21 amino acids) and B (of 30 amino acids). Insulin is formed as a product of proteolytic cleavage of the insulin precursor, called proinsulin.

Homovanillic acid in the urine

Homovaniline beta-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid is the main end product of the metabolism of dopamine and norepinephrine, resulting from the oxymethylation and oxidative deamination of these catecholamines.

Vanillylmandelic acid in the urine

Normally, only about 1% of the total number of catecholamines released during the day by the adrenal glands is excreted unchanged in the urine (adrenaline 0.36-1.65%, norepinephrine 1.5-3.3%), while in the form of vanillylmandelic acid - up to 75%. From the clinical point of view, the determination of vanillylmandelic acid in the urine especially helps in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma.

Common normetanephrins in the urine

Common normetanephrins are intermediate products of norepinephrine metabolism. They are determined for the purpose of diagnosing pheochromocytoma. Unlike other metabolic products of catecholamines, the content of normetanephrine in the urine is not affected by antihypertensive drugs.

Common metanephryls in the urine

Common metanephrins are intermediate products of adrenaline metabolism. 55% of the adrenaline metabolism products are excreted in the urine in the form of metanephrine. A significant increase in the content of metanephrine in the urine is revealed in patients with pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma (in children), ganglioneuropathy.

Adrenaline and norepinephrine in the urine

With normal kidney function, excretion of catecholamines with urine is considered an adequate method of assessing the state of the sympathoadrenal system. Urine collected for a day. Before collecting urine for the study of catecholamines, it is necessary to exclude from food certain foods: bananas, pineapples, cheese, strong tea, foods containing vanillin.