Traumatic spondylolisthesis II of the cervical vertebra, or the so-called "fracture of the executioner" - a kind of fracture of the axis, at which a fracture of the roots of its arch, a rupture of the intervertebral disk located between the II-III cervical vertebrae, and slipping of the axis body with all the structures above it anteriorly .
The traumatic displacement of the atlas due to a fracture of the tooth can occur both anteriorly and posteriorly. Significantly more often there are forward displacements. The severity of this damage depends on the degree of displacement of the 1st cervical vertebra and, consequently, the nature of the damage to the spinal cord. Damage occurs with the indirect mechanism of violence, most often as a result of a fall on the head.
Dislocations in the atlanto-occipital articulation, or "dislocations of the head," almost never occur in clinical practice, since they usually lead to the immediate death of the victim. VP Selivanov (1966) reported on the preservation of life to the victim, who was treated for subluxation in the atlanto-occipital articulation.
"Falling" fractures of the atlas, or Jepherson fractures, are rare. This can be judged at least because in the available literature there is only a description of only 5 cases of such vertebral fractures.
Injuries to the cervical spine account for approximately 19% of all spine injuries. But compared with injuries of the thoracic vertebrae, they are found in a ratio of 1: 2, and lumbar - 1: 4. Disability and mortality with injuries to the cervical spine are still high. The mortality rate for these injuries is 44.3-35.5%.
In the emergence of various spine injuries, four main mechanisms of action of damaging violence should be distinguished: flexion, flexion-rotational, extensor and compression. Each of these types of violence leads to a certain form of spinal injury, each of which can be classified as either stable or unstable damage.
Recurrent polychondritis is an episodic inflammatory and destructive disease primarily affecting the cartilage of the ear and nose, but also capable of damaging the eyes, tracheobronchial tree, heart valves, kidneys, joints, skin and blood vessels.
Syndrome of muscular-facial pain can be observed in patients without pathology from the temporomandibular joint. It can be caused by stress, fatigue or spasm of the masticatory muscles (medial and lateral wing, jaw and temporal).
Intra-articular disorders - a forward displacement of the articular disk in relation to the condylar process. Symptoms: localized joint pain and jaw movement restrictions.
