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Diseases of the lungs, bronchi and pleura (pulmonology)

Pneumonia in nursing homes

Nursing home pneumonia is caused by gram-negative bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, anaerobes, and influenza virus. The symptoms of nursing home pneumonia are similar to those of other types of pneumonia, except that many elderly patients have less pronounced changes in vital signs.

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Hospital-acquired pneumonia develops at least 48 hours after hospital admission. The most common pathogens are gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus; drug-resistant organisms are a significant problem.

Acute bronchitis

Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, usually following an acute respiratory infection. It is usually a viral infection, although sometimes a bacterial infection; pathogens are rarely detected. The most common symptoms of acute bronchitis are a cough with or without sputum and/or fever.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by partially reversible airway obstruction caused by an abnormal inflammatory response to exposure to toxins, often cigarette smoke.

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency is a congenital deficiency of the predominantly pulmonary antiprotease alpha1-antitrypsin, leading to increased protease tissue destruction and emphysema in adults.

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus fumigatus that occurs almost exclusively in patients with asthma or, less commonly, cystic fibrosis. Immune reactions to Aspergillus antigens cause airway obstruction and, if untreated, bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis.

Ventilation disturbance

Ventilation impairment is an increase in PaCO2 (hypercapnia), when the respiratory function can no longer be provided by the body's forces.

Respiratory arrest

Cessation of gas exchange in the lungs (respiratory arrest) lasting more than 5 minutes can cause damage to vital organs, especially the brain.

Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is severe arterial hypoxemia refractory to oxygen treatment.

Tuberculosis and chronic nonspecific lung diseases

In their daily clinical activities, phthisiologists and pulmonologists often encounter the problem of the relationship between chronic non-specific lung diseases (CNLD) and tuberculosis.