Diseases of the lungs, bronchi and pleura (pulmonology)

Drug-induced lung lesions

Drug-induced lung lesions are not an independent nosological entity, but represent a common clinical problem when a patient who has not previously suffered from lung diseases begins to notice clinical manifestations from these organs or changes are detected on a chest X-ray, deterioration of pulmonary function and/or histological changes against the background of drug therapy.

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia

Non-specific interstitial pneumonia is a histological variant of IBLAR that does not correspond to its other more specific histological forms.

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia) is an idiopathic lung disease in which granulation tissue obstructs the bronchioles and alveolar ducts, causing chronic inflammation and organizing pneumonia in adjacent alveoli.

Acute interstitial pneumonia (Hammen-Rich syndrome)

Acute interstitial pneumonia is an idiopathic variant of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acute interstitial pneumonia affects healthy men and women, usually over 40 years of age, with equal frequency.

Respiratory bronchiolitis associated with interstitial lung disease

Respiratory bronchiolitis associated with interstitial lung disease (RBAILD) is an inflammation of the small airways and interstitial tissue that occurs in patients who smoke.

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia is a chronic inflammation of the lungs characterized by mononuclear infiltration of the air-containing parts of the lung.

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are interstitial lung diseases of unknown etiology that share similar clinical features. They are classified into 6 histological subtypes and are characterized by varying degrees of inflammatory response and fibrosis and are accompanied by dyspnea and typical changes in radiography.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis) is the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, corresponding to progressive pulmonary fibrosis and predominantly in male smokers. Symptoms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis develop over months to years and include dyspnea on exertion, cough, and fine wheezing.

Aspiration pneumonia and pneumonitis

Aspiration pneumonia and pneumonitis are caused by the aspiration of toxic substances, usually stomach contents, into the lungs. The result may be undetected or chemical pneumonitis, bacterial pneumonia, or airway obstruction. Symptoms of aspiration pneumonia include cough and shortness of breath.

Pneumonia in immunocompromised persons

Pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals is often caused by unusual pathogens. Symptoms depend on the microorganism. Diagnosis is based on bacteriological examination of blood and respiratory secretions taken during bronchoscopic examination.