Diagnosis of flu during an epidemic outbreak is not difficult. It is based on identifying typical manifestations of the disease (intoxication, catarrhal syndrome mainly in the form of tracheitis).
Flu always begins acutely. Typical flu symptoms appear: a feeling of exhaustion, muscle and joint aches, chills. Temperature can rise in the range from subfebrile values to hyperthermia within a few hours, reaching a maximum on the first day of illness.
The causative agents of influenza are orthomyxoviruses (Orthomyxoviridae family) - RNA-containing complex viruses. They got their name due to their affinity for mucoproteins of affected cells and the ability to attach to glycoproteins - cell surface receptors. The family includes the genus Influenzavirus, which contains viruses of 3 serotypes: A, B and C.
Influenza (Grippus, Influenza) is an acute infectious disease with an aerosol mechanism of pathogen transmission, characterized by mass spread, short-term fever, intoxication and damage to the airways, as well as a high frequency of complications.
Modern treatment of HIV infection allows suppression of viral replication in most patients, usually for a fairly long period of time, and slows the progression of the disease to the AIDS stage.
Correct diagnosis of HIV infection is based on laboratory confirmation. Clinical diagnosis of secondary or concomitant diseases against the background of HIV infection is carried out: this allows determining the severity of the patient's condition, indications for hospitalization and developing treatment tactics.
Complications of HIV infection are secondary diseases that develop against the background of immunodeficiency. The mechanism of their occurrence is associated either with the suppression of cellular and humoral immunity (infectious diseases and tumors), or with the direct impact of the human immunodeficiency virus (for example, some neurological disorders).
The acute phase of HIV infection may proceed latent or have multiple non-specific symptoms of HIV infection. In 50-70% of cases, the period of primary clinical manifestations occurs, with fever; lymphadenopathy
The source of HIV infection is HIV-infected people at any stage of the disease, regardless of the presence or absence of clinical manifestations of the disease, including during the incubation period.
Two serotypes have been described - HIV-1 and HIV-2, differing in structural and antigen characteristics. In Ukraine, HIV-1 (the main causative agent of the disease) is of epidemiological significance.
