Diseases of the nervous system (neurology)

Hypopituitarism

Previously, one of the main causes of hypopituitarism was considered to be ischemic necrosis of the pituitary gland (necrosis of the pituitary gland that developed as a result of massive postpartum hemorrhage and vascular collapse - Sheehan syndrome; necrosis of the pituitary gland that occurred as a result of postpartum sepsis - Simmonds syndrome; recently the term "Simmonds-Sheehan syndrome" has often been used).

Postpubertal hypothalamic hypogonadism: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Postpubertal hypothalamic hypogonadism occurs predominantly in women. It is mainly manifested by secondary amenorrhea (amenorrhea preceded by a normal menstrual cycle). Infertility associated with an anovulatory cycle, sexual dysfunction due to decreased secretion of the vaginal glands and libido are possible.

Hypothalamic prepubertal hypogonadism: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hypothalamic prepubertal hypogonadism can be observed in the absence of organic changes in the hypothalamic region. In this case, a congenital, possibly hereditary nature of the pathology is assumed. It is also observed in structural lesions of the hypothalamus and pituitary stalk in craniopharyngiomas, internal hydrocephalus, neoplastic processes of various types

Persistent galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Persistent galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome (synonyms: Chiari-Frommel syndrome, Ahumada-Argones-del Castillo syndrome - named after the authors who first described this syndrome: in the first case in women who have given birth and in the second - in women who have not given birth). Galactorrhea in men is sometimes called O'Connell syndrome.

Schwartz-Barter syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Schwartz-Bartter syndrome is a syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Clinical symptoms depend on the degree of water intoxication and the degree of hyponatremia. The main signs of this disease are hyponatremia, a decrease in the osmotic pressure of blood plasma and other body fluids with a simultaneous increase in the osmotic pressure of urine.

Idiopathic edema

Idipathic edema (synonyms: primary central oliguria, central oliguria, cyclic edema, antidiabetes insipidus, psychogenic or emotional edema, in severe cases - Parhon syndrome). The vast majority of patients are women of reproductive age. There are no registered cases of the disease before the onset of the menstrual cycle. In rare cases, the disease may debut after menopause. Isolated cases of the disease in men have been described.

Histiocytosis-X: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Histiocytosis-X is a relatively rare granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Its clinical variety is Hand-Schüller-Christian syndrome, or disease.

Hend-Schüller-Krischen syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hand-Schüller-Christian syndrome is a clinical variant of histiscitosis-X, a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The clinical picture is characterized by symptoms of diabetes insipidus, exophthalmos (usually unilateral, less often bilateral) and bone defects - mainly of the skull bones, femurs, and vertebrae.

Central essential hypernatremia: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Central essential hypernatremia is manifested by chronic hypernatremia, moderate dehydration and hypovolemia. It occurs most often at the subclinical level. Adipsia without polyuria is possible. As a rule, a slightly reduced level of antidiuretic hormone corresponds to the state of hypovolemia. Some authors consider this syndrome a partial form of diabetes insipidus.

Acromegaly

Symptoms of acromegaly usually appear after age 20 and develop gradually. Early signs are swelling and hypertrophy of the soft tissues of the face and extremities. The skin thickens, and the appearance of skin folds increases. The increase in soft tissue volume makes it necessary to constantly increase the size of shoes, gloves, and rings.