Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Diagnosis of biliary dyskinesias

Diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia in children is difficult, a comprehensive examination is necessary. Ultrasound methods are the most significant in diagnosing biliary dyskinesia in children.

What causes biliary dyskinesia?

The main cause of biliary dyskinesia in children is a disruption in the interaction of the nervous and paracrine systems that ensure the sequence of contractions and relaxations of the gallbladder and the sphincter system, leading to a lack of coordination of their activity and disruption of the passage of bile into the intestine.

Biliary dyskinesia in children

Dyskinesia of the biliary tract in children is a disorder of the motility of the gallbladder and the sphincter apparatus of the biliary system, clinically manifested by pain syndrome, a complex of functional disorders lasting over 3 months, accompanied by abdominal pain localized in the right hypochondrium.

Irritable bowel syndrome in children

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder in which abdominal pain or discomfort is associated with defecation, a change in bowel habits, or a bowel habit disorder.

Functional dyspepsia in children

Functional dyspepsia is a complex of disorders including pain or discomfort in the epigastric region, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, belching, heartburn and not caused by organic damage to the gastrointestinal tract. A feature of the syndrome in children is the predominant localization of pain in the umbilical region (55-88%); in 95% of children, pain occurs within the boundaries of a triangle, the base of which is the right costal arch, and the apex is the umbilical ring.

Inflammatory bowel disease in children

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of diseases characterized by non-specific immune inflammation of the intestinal wall, superficial or transmural.

Allergic bowel disease in children

Early artificial feeding with the introduction of foreign proteins (cow, soy) can lead to the development of food allergies in children, especially those at risk for allergic diseases. Allergic causes of malabsorption syndrome include allergic enterocolitis and enteropathy.

Autoimmune enteropathy.

Autoimmune enteropathy is a persistent protein-losing diarrhea accompanied by the production of autoantibodies, a sign of active autoimmune T-cell inflammation. Morphologically, it is accompanied by villous atrophy and massive mononuclear infiltration of the lamina propria of the small intestinal mucosa.

Congenital disorders of the structure of the intestinal mucosa

Congenital microvillous atrophy (microvillous switch-off syndrome) is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions containing microvilli in the region of the apical pole of the enterocyte; there are no microvilli on the analogous surface of the mature enterocyte. These disorders can be detected by electron microscopy.

Lymphangiectasia: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Lymphangiectasia may be local, affecting the submucosa and serous membrane, combined with the expansion of lymphatic capillaries of other organs. Due to insufficient supply of amino acids, there is a violation of the synthesis of albumin, and then gamma globulins in the liver. Due to the loss of lymphocytes, lymphopenia develops.