Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Measles in children

Measles is an acute infectious disease with an increase in body temperature, intoxication, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract and mucous membranes of the eyes, as well as a maculopapular rash.

Whooping cough treatment

Treatment of whooping cough is mainly pathogenetic and symptomatic. The tactics of managing a child vary depending on the severity of the disease.

Diagnosis of whooping cough is based on a typical spasmodic cough with reprises, expectoration of viscous sputum, often with vomiting at the end of the attack, and puffiness of the face. An ulcer on the frenulum of the tongue may be detected. Of great importance for diagnosis are the successive changes in the periods of the disease: catarrhal, spasmodic, resolution, and hematological changes: pronounced leukocytosis and lymphocytosis with a normal ESR.

Symptoms of whooping cough

The incubation period of whooping cough is from 3 to 15 days, on average 5-8 days. During the course of the disease, three periods can be distinguished: catarrhal, spasmodic and resolution. The course of whooping cough is slow, cyclical.

What causes whooping cough?

Whooping cough is caused by B. pertussis - gram-negative small rods (coccobacteria). They have a delicate capsule, are immobile, strictly aerobic, highly sensitive to external influences: direct sunlight kills within 1 hour, disinfectants - within a few minutes, produces an exotoxin (whooping cough toxin, lymphocytosis-stimulating factor).

Whooping cough in children

Whooping cough is an acute infectious disease with an airborne transmission mechanism, a peculiar spasmodic cough and a cyclical protracted course.

Diagnosis of cholera

Cholera is diagnosed based on the clinical picture, epidemiological situation and laboratory test results. The bacteriological method is of decisive importance: microscopy of biomaterial preparations (feces, vomit, etc.) and sowing of the material on an accumulation medium (peptone water, alkaline agar).

Causes and pathogenesis of cholera

The causative agents of classical cholera (biovar vibrio cholera) and El Tor cholera (biovar vibrio cholera el tor) do not differ from each other in morphological, cultural and biochemical properties. These are gram-negative, curved or straight polymorphic rods with a long flagellum, providing active mobility.

Cholera in children

Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by cholera vibrios, characterized by gastroenteritis with rapid dehydration of the body due to the loss of water and electrolytes with vomit and loose stools.

What causes typhoid fever?

Typhoid bacillus, or Salmonella typhi, belongs to the family of enterobacteria, is gram-negative, does not form spores or capsules, is mobile, grows well on conventional nutrient media, especially with the addition of bile, and is a facultative anaerobe.