Cancer (oncology)

Chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of cartilaginous tissue. This neoplasm is characterized by the presence of cartilaginous tissue without signs of malignant osteoid formation.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone is a high-grade tumor with an unknown incidence. The tumor's main constituents are histiocyte-like cells and spindle-shaped fibroblasts, which are present in varying proportions.

Osteogenic sarcoma

Osteogenic sarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that develops as a result of malignant transformation of rapidly proliferating osteoblasts and consists of spindle-shaped cells that form malignant osteoid.

Germ cell tumors

Germ cell tumors are neoplasms that develop from the primary germ cells of the human embryo, from which sperm and eggs are normally formed.

Uterine cancer: symptoms

Uterine cancer, the symptoms of which can be variable, but fall into three main groups - discharge, pain and bleeding - is an oncological pathology that ranks second in prevalence after breast cancer.

Tumors

Tumors are excessive, uncoordinated pathological tissue growths that continue after the causes that caused them have ceased to act.

Cancer diagnosis

Early diagnosis of cancer is the main task in oncology, determining the effectiveness of treatment and, ultimately, the life expectancy of the patient. This problem is especially relevant in connection with the steady increase in cancer incidence.

Cancer prevention

Cancer prevention is based on modern knowledge of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Experience from experimental and epidemiological studies indicates the existence of a direct connection between the impact of external agents, endogenous metabolites and the development of a tumor with a certain latent period under their influence.

Causes of cancer

WHO identifies the following main causes of cancer: nutrition (35%), smoking (30%), sexual relations, reproduction (10%), insolation (5%), ionizing radiation (3.5%), occupational hazards (3.5%), environmental pollution (3.5%), alcohol abuse (2.7%), heredity (2.3%).

Cancer classification

The International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM clinical classification of cancer is needed to develop a methodology for uniform presentation of clinical data. Clinical description and histological classification of cancer can play a significant role in: treatment planning; prognosis; evaluation of treatment results; exchange of information between medical centers; and promote further study of cancer.