Oncomarkers

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen SCCA

The term "squamous cell carcinoma" refers to a malignant tumor affecting the mucosal epithelial tissue present in the oral cavity, cervix, lungs and esophagus, skin and anus.

Blood test for the presence of cancer cells in the body: name, how to take it

Today, medicine increasingly encounters oncological diseases. Despite the widespread prevalence of cancerous tumors, the mechanism of their formation and spread remains unexplored.

Tests for breast cancer

It is impossible to imagine the diagnosis of oncological diseases without taking tests, and tests for breast cancer are included in the list of mandatory studies carried out after mammography.

Analysis of breast tumor markers - an immunochemical blood test - is carried out during the diagnosis and treatment of tumors of the mammary glands along with such diagnostic procedures as mammography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Algorithm for the determination of oncomarkers

Specificity of tumor markers is the percentage of healthy individuals and patients with benign tumors in whom the test gives a negative result. Sensitivity of an oncomarker is the percentage of results that are true positive in the presence of a given tumor.

Beta 2-microglobulin in blood and urine

Beta2-microglobulin is a low-molecular protein of surface antigens of cell nuclei. Its presence in the blood serum is due to the processes of degradation and reparation of individual cell elements.

Bladder tumor antigen in urine

Determination of bladder antigen (BTA) in urine is a screening method for diagnosing bladder cancer, as well as for dynamic monitoring of patients after surgical treatment. Antigens are detected in 70-80% of patients with bladder cancer at stage T1-T3 and in 58% with cancer in situ.

Cancer marker CA 242 in the blood

CA 242 is a glycoprotein that is expressed on the same mucin apoprotein as CA 19-9. In benign tumors, CA 242 expression is low, while in malignant tumors its expression is significantly higher compared to CA 19-9.

HER-2/neu oncomarker in blood

Increased serum HER-2/neu levels are observed in women with breast cancer, especially in the presence of metastases. The cutoff point is 15 ng/ml.

Cytokeratin 19 fragment in blood

CYFRA-21-1 is a marker of non-small cell lung carcinoma. With a specificity of 95%, CYFRA-21-1 has a significantly higher sensitivity (49%) than CEA (29%). The sensitivity of CYFRA-21-1 in squamous cell lung carcinoma is significantly higher (60%) than the sensitivity of CEA (18%).