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Urologist

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Tumor antigen of the urinary bladder in the urine

Alexey Portnov, medical expert
Last reviewed: 18.10.2021

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Tumor Bladder Antigen (BTA) in the urine does not normally show up.

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common in men and the ninth in women. Every fifth patient is currently dying from this disease for 5 years. Bladder antigen (BTA) detection in the urine is a screening method for diagnosing bladder cancer, as well as for dynamic monitoring of patients after surgical treatment. Antigens are detected in 70-80% of patients with bladder cancer in stage T ₁ -T ₃ and in 58% with cancer in situ. With effective surgical treatment BTA in the urine disappears, its appearance indicates a relapse of the disease. A study on the detection of bladder tumor antigen can be false-positive in glomerulonephritis, infections and urinary tract trauma, due to ingestion of blood in the urine. Currently, diagnostic test systems have been developed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of BTA in urine.

In addition to the BTA test, there are a number of nonspecific and specific markers of bladder cancer. These include growth factors, immune complexes, tumor-associated proteins, tumor marker B-5, AT M-344, NMP-22, determination of urinary density in urine, urine telomerase, chemiluminescence of hemoglobin in urine, and a number of others.

Sensitivity and specificity of methods of screening for bladder cancer

Method	Sensitivity,%	Specificity,%
Cytological examination of urine sediment	44	95
BTA stat Test	67	79
BTA TRAK Test	72	80
NMP-22	53	60
PDF	52	91
Telomerase	70	99
Chemiluminescence of Hb	67	63
Hemoglobin	47	84

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