Lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins

Lipoprotein (a) in serum

Lipoprotein(a) consists of apo(a), which is a glycoprotein in nature and is covalently linked to apo-B100. Lipoprotein(a) has significant structural similarity to plasminogen.

Apolipoprotein B1 in the serum

Apo-B is the main transporter of triglycerides from the intestine to fat cells, hence the nickname "the big loader". Elevated levels of apo-B in the blood are usually associated with high LDL levels and are characteristic of familial HLP, which is often complicated by myocardial infarction.

Apolipoprotein A1 in the serum

Each primary lipoprotein is characterized by the presence of an individual protein (apolipoprotein) inherent only to it. Apolipoproteins are designated by Latin letters, and some of them represent a family of proteins and are additionally designated by numbers (for example, apo-A1, apo-A2, etc.).

Dyslipoproteinemia typing

The study of lipoprotein fractions in clinical practice is used for typing dyslipoproteinemia. Dyslipoproteinemia is a deviation of the lipoprotein spectrum of the blood, manifested in a change in the content (increase, decrease, absence or disturbance of the ratio) of one or more classes of lipoproteins.

Electrophoretic analysis of lipoproteins

Blood plasma lipoprotein is a transport form of lipids in the human body. They transport lipids of both exogenous (food) and endogenous origin. Some lipoproteins capture excess cholesterol from peripheral tissue cells to transport it to the liver, where it is oxidized into bile acids and excreted with bile.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in blood

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the main transport form of cholesterol.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is defined as the remaining amount of cholesterol in the blood serum after precipitation of apo-B-containing lipoproteins (low-density and very low-density lipoproteins).

Total blood cholesterol

Cholesterol is a secondary monoatomic cyclic alcohol. Cholesterol enters the body with food, but most of it is formed endogenously (synthesized in the liver). Cholesterol is a component of cell membranes, a precursor of steroid hormones and bile acids.

Triglycerides in the blood

Triglycerides, or neutral fats, are esters of the trihydric alcohol glycerol and higher fatty acids. Triglycerides enter the body with food (exogenous triglycerides) and are synthesized in the body (endogenous triglycerides).