Lipoprotein (a) consists of apo (a), which is inherently a glycoprotein and covalently linked to apo-B100. Lipoprotein (a) has a significant structural similarity with plasminogen.
Apo-B is the main transporter of triglycerides from the intestine to the fat cells, so it was called the "big loader". The increase in the content of apo-B in the blood is usually combined with a high concentration of LDL and is inherent in familial HLL, which is often complicated by myocardial infarction.
Each primary lipoprotein is characterized by the presence in its composition of an individual, only inherent protein (apolipoprotein). Apolipoproteins are denoted in Latin letters, some of which are a family of proteins and are also indicated by numbers (for example, apo-A1, apo-A2, etc.).
The study of fractions of lipoproteins in clinical practice is used to typify dyslipoproteinemia. Dyslipoproteinemia - deviations in the lipoprotein spectrum of the blood, manifested in a change in the content (increase, decrease, absence or disruption of the ratio) of one or more classes of lipoproteins.
Lipoprotein of blood plasma - the transport form of lipids in the human body. They carry the transport of lipids as exogenous (food), and endogenous origin. Individual lipoproteins capture excess cholesterol from cells of peripheral tissues to transport it to the liver, where it is oxidized to bile acids and excretion with bile.
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) is defined as the remaining amount of cholesterol in the blood serum after the deposition of apo-B-containing lipoproteins (low and very low density lipoproteins).
Cholesterol is a secondary monohydric cyclic alcohol. Cholesterol enters the body with food, but most of it is formed endogenously (synthesized in the liver). Cholesterol is a component of cell membranes, a precursor of steroid hormones and bile acids.
Triglycerides, or neutral fats, are esters of a trihydric alcohol of glycerin and higher fatty acids. Triglycerides enter the body with food (exogenous triglycerides) and are synthesized in the body (endogenous triglycerides).
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