Hematologic examinations

Vitamin B12 in the blood

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is necessary for normal maturation of red blood cells. It functions as a coenzyme in the synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and methionine from homocysteine. Methionine is necessary for the conversion of folic acid into folinic acid, which ensures the normoblastic type of hematopoiesis.

Vitamin A in the blood

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin and exists in two forms: vitamin A itself, or retinol (found only in animal products), and provitamin A, known as carotene (obtained from animal and plant products), which can be converted into retinol in the walls of the digestive tract.

Superoxide dismutase in the blood.

Superoxide dismutase in the blood is a study of the enzyme responsible for antioxidant function. Superoxide dismutase is designated as SOD. This important enzyme activates the transformation of superoxide anions (an ion of an oxygen molecule in union with an unpaired electron) into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which are not so dangerous for the body.

Glutathione peroxidase

Glutathione peroxidase is one of the most important elements of the body's antioxidant system. It converts hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides into harmless molecules before they form free radicals. It is a selenium-dependent enzyme. Changes

Total antioxidant activity

If one or more links in the antioxidant system are deficient, tissues lose protection from the effects of free radicals, which leads to damage to tissues and organs and the development of disease.

Malonic dialdehyde in the blood

Malonic dialdehyde in the blood is an unfavorable sign, since it indicates that active lipid peroxidation is occurring. Normally, malonic dialdehyde in the blood serum should not be more than 1 μmol/l.

Markers of malnutrition

Nutritional disorders are conditions caused by changes in food consumption or disruption of its utilization by the body, which leads to disruption of functions at the subcellular, cellular and organ levels.

Myelogram

Myelogram is the percentage ratio of cellular elements in smears prepared from red bone marrow punctures. Bone marrow contains two groups of cells: reticular stromal cells (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, fat and endothelial cells), which constitute an absolute minority in number, and hematopoietic tissue cells (parenchyma).

Malaria test (Malaria plasmodia in blood)

Plasmodium is absent in the blood smear of healthy people. Malaria plasmodia alternately parasitize in 2 hosts: in the body of the female mosquito of the genus Anopheles, where sexual reproduction, sporogony, occurs, and in the human body, where asexual reproduction, schizogony, takes place

Duration of bleeding (by Duca)

Duration of bleeding (according to Duke) is a specific method of assessing the state of the circulatory system, or more precisely, the vessels. Normally, according to this method, the period from the beginning to the cessation of blood loss should not exceed three minutes.