Clinical studies

Sputum analysis

Sputum is a pathological secretion of the respiratory tract, released during coughing and formed when the mucous membrane of the trachea, bronchi and lung tissue is damaged by infectious, physical or chemical agents. Analysis of sputum in patients with pneumonia in many cases (although not always) allows

General clinical analysis of synovial fluid

A general clinical examination (analysis) of joint fluid includes determination of the physicochemical properties of the fluid and microscopic examination of cellular elements.

General clinical examination of abdominal fluid

In healthy people, there is a small amount of fluid in the abdominal cavity between the peritoneum layers. In a number of diseases (liver cirrhosis, heart failure), the amount of ascitic fluid can be significant and reach several liters; such fluid is classified as transudates and has all its characteristics.

Bacterioscopic examination of pleural fluid and pericardial fluid

Bacterioscopic examination of pleural fluid includes staining of smears according to Ziehl-Neelsen. The appearance of tuberculosis bacilli in pleural fluid is the most reliable sign of pleural tuberculosis.

General clinical examination of pleural fluid and pericardial fluid

The study of the contents of serous cavities helps to solve the following problems: Determining the nature of the effusion being studied (exudate or transudate, i.e. whether it is formed as a result of inflammation of the serous membrane or is associated with a general or local circulatory disorder).

Beaker test

The glass test is an effective way to detect pathologies, chronic and acute, in the urinary tract. This method is especially important for determining the exact location of the inflammation site.

Bacterioscopic examination of urine sediment

Bacteriuria is the detection of bacteria in urine. Bacterioscopic examination of urine provides minimal clinical information for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections, so culture methods are used.

Zimnitsky test

The Zimnitsky test allows one to examine the concentration function of the kidneys. The patient remains on a normal diet, but takes into account the amount of liquid consumed.

Nechiporenko test

The Nechiporenko test is one of the ways to determine an inflammatory disease of the genitourinary and renal systems. Almost all chronic, and especially acute forms of such diseases suggest such a method as the Nechiporenko test.

Addis-Kakowski test

The Addis-Kakovsky test is a very old but effective method of counting the number of red blood cells – erythrocytes, as well as leukocytes, cylinders (“glued together” by protein formed elements) in urine.