Clinical studies

Sputum examination

Sputum is a pathological secret of the respiratory tract that is secreted during coughing and is caused by damage to the mucous membrane of the trachea, bronchi and lung tissue by infectious, physical or chemical agents. Sputum analysis in patients with pneumonia in many cases (although not always) allows

General clinical analysis of synovial fluid

A general clinical study (analysis) of fluid from the joint involves the determination of the physico-chemical properties of the fluid and the microscopic examination of cellular elements.

General clinical study of fluid from the abdominal cavity

In healthy people in the abdominal cavity between the leaves of the peritoneum contains a small amount of fluid. In a number of diseases (cirrhosis of the liver, heart failure), the amount of ascitic fluid can be significant and reach several liters, this fluid belongs to transudates and has all its signs.

Bacterioscopic examination of pleural fluid and fluid in the pericardium

Bacterioscopic examination of the pleural fluid includes the coloration of smears according to Tsil-Nielsen. The appearance in the pleural fluid of tubercle bacillus is the most reliable sign of pleural tuberculosis.

Clinical examination of pleural fluid and fluid in the pericardium

The study of the contents of serous cavities contributes to the solution of the following problems. Determination of the character of the studied effusion (exudate or transudate, that is, whether it is formed due to inflammation of the serosa or is associated with impaired circulation of general or local character).

Glass sample

A glass sample is an effective way to identify pathologies, chronic and acute, in the urinary tract. This method is especially important for determining the exact location of the inflammation focus.

Bacteriographic examination of urine sediment

Bacteriuria is the detection of bacteria in the urine. Bacteriologic examination of urine yields minimal clinical information for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections, so culture methods are used.

The sample in Zimnitskiy

The trial according to Zimnitsky allows to study the concentration function of the kidneys. The patient remains in the normal diet, but takes into account the amount of liquid drunk.

The Nechiporenko trial

The Nechiporenko trial is one of the ways to determine the inflammatory disease of the genitourinary and renal system. Virtually all chronic, and even more acute forms of such diseases suggest a method such as the Nechiporenko test.

The Addis-Kakovsky test

The Addis-Kakovsky test is a very old but effective way of counting the number of red blood cells - erythrocytes, as well as leukocytes, cylinders ("fused" with protein elements) in the urine.