Carbohydrates

Lactic acid (lactate) in the blood

Lactate (lactic acid) is the end product of glycolysis. Under resting conditions, the main source of lactate in plasma is erythrocytes.

Fructosamine in serum

Fructosamine is a product of glycosylation of blood plasma proteins. Glucose enters into non-enzymatic interaction with proteins, forming Schiff bases.

Glycosylated hemoglobin

Reference values (norm) for the content of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the blood are 4.0-5.2% of total hemoglobin.

Blood glucose

Glucose is one of the most important components of blood; its quantity reflects the state of carbohydrate metabolism. Glucose is evenly distributed between the formed elements of the blood and plasma, with some predominance in the latter.