Overview of medicines

Cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide is well adsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, has a minimal protein-binding ability. Active and inactive metabolites of cyclophosphamide are eliminated by the kidneys.

Infliximab is a biological preparation consisting of one third of the variable (Fv) region of high affinity neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies to TNF-a (A2), and two-thirds of the fragment of the IgG1 molecule to humans.

Methotrexate: instructions and use

Methotrexate, an incoming and antimetabolite group, resembles folic (pteroylglutamic) acid, consisting of pteridine groups linked to para-aminobenzoic acid combined with glutamic acid residues.

Azathioprine

There are two main purine analogues - 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine, but in clinical practice at present only the latter is used.

Penicillamine

Penicillamine (3,3-dimethylcysteine) is a trifunctional amino acid containing carboxyl, amino and sulfhydryl groups, an analogue of the natural amino acid cysteine. Due to the asymmetrically located carbon atom, penicillamine can exist as D- and L-isomers.

Medications for the elderly

Multiplicity of pathology, high risk of destabilization in patients of older age groups leads to the fact that medicines for the elderly have become increasingly used in geriatrics. Peculiarities of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic and toxic effects of drugs in the senile organism, and also the possibility of using geroprotectors are studied by geriatric pharmacology.

Protease Inhibitors

Protease inhibitors are a heterogeneous structure of antiviral agents that, unlike reverse transcriptase inhibitors, act in the final stage of HIV reproduction.

Antiretroviral drugs

Azidothymidine (3'-azido 2'3'-dideoxythymidine, AZT, zidovudine, retrovir, Glaxo-Smithklein) - synthetic antiretroviral drugs, analogues of natural nucleoside thymidine - was proposed for the treatment of patients with HIV infection in 1985 and for a long time was one of the most effective antiviral agents.

Alpha2-adrenergic agonists

Highly selective stimulants of alpha2-adrenergic receptors include foreign α2-adrenoreceptor agonists-dexmedetomidine, which has an antihypertensive effect, but is used mainly as a sedative during anesthetic maintenance (for a long time - only in veterinary medicine, but not so long ago introduced into clinical practice in humans) .

Vasodilators: nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside

Nitroglycerin is a false ester of glycerol and nitric acid. Sodium nitroprusside is used as a means for short-term monitoring of severe hypertensive reactions since the mid-1950s, although sodium nitroprusside was synthesized as far back as 1850.