Retinal detachment is the separation of the rod and cone layer (neuroepithelium) from the retinal pigment epithelium, which is caused by the accumulation of subretinal fluid between them. Retinal detachment is accompanied by a disruption in the nutrition of the outer layers of the retina, leading to rapid vision loss.
With thrombosis of the main trunk of the central vein, as well as with thrombosis and embolism of the central artery, vision in the affected eye suddenly decreases.
Occlusion of the main trunk of the central retinal artery by an embolus, thrombus, or a sharp spasm is clinically accompanied by sudden blindness of the corresponding eye.
Retinopathy of prematurity, or vasoproliferative retinopathy (formerly called retrolental fibroplasia) is a disease of the retina of very premature babies, in whom the vascular network (vascularization) of the retina is not fully developed at the time of birth.
Retinitis is an inflammatory disease of the retina. Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the retina are rarely isolated: they usually serve as a manifestation of a systemic disease.
Eales' disease (juvenile angiopathy) is a heterogeneous disease that can be classified as either vascular or inflammatory (perivasculitis, vasculitis, periphlebitis).
Retinopathy is a group of non-inflammatory diseases that lead to damage to the retina. The main causes of retinopathy are vascular disorders that lead to impaired blood circulation in the retinal vessels.
Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy. Best's disease is a rare bilateral retinal dystrophy in the macular region, appearing as a round yellowish lesion, similar to a fresh egg yolk, with a diameter of 0.3 to 3 optic disc diameters.
Stargardt disease (yellow spotted fundus, yellow spotted dystrophy) is a dystrophy of the macular region of the retina, which begins in the pigment epithelium and is manifested by a bilateral decrease in visual acuity at the age of 10-20 years.
