Diseases of the ear, throat and nose (otolaryngology)

Rhinogenic diseases of the lacrimal organs: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Very often patients with acute or chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinopathy, with diseases of the paranasal sinuses complain of lacrimation, itching in the eyes or, on the contrary, dryness of the mucous membrane of the eyes. These complaints are caused by the involvement of the lacrimal organs in one or another pathological process of the nasal cavity.

Opticochiasmal arachnoiditis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Opticochiasmatic arachnoiditis is essentially an intracranial complication of some infection that penetrates the basal meninges that cover the optic chiasm.

Rhinogenic ophthalmologic complications: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The occurrence of rhinogenic ophthalmologic complications is facilitated by the close anatomical connections of the nose and paranasal sinuses with the orbit and its contents. The commonality of their bone walls is not a significant obstacle to the penetration of infection from the paranasal sinuses into the orbit.

Thrombosis of the dura sinuses

Thrombosis of the sinuses of the dura mater is a complication, being an independent (nosologically formed) disease in terms of its clinical course and outcomes, in essence, it is a secondary process that occurs as a complication of a local purulent-inflammatory process or general septicopyemia.

Thrombophlebitis and thrombosis of cerebral veins: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Pathological conditions of the nasal cavity (inflammation, tumors, traumatic injuries) almost without exception affect its venous system, which communicates through anastomoses with the venous system of the brain.

Rhinogenic brain abscesses: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The most common cause of rhinogenic brain abscesses are frontal sinusitis and ethmoiditis, less often inflammation of the maxillary sinus and sphenoid sinus, while, as a rule, abscesses of the frontal lobe occur, which is primarily due to its proximity to the paranasal sinuses.

Mucoceles of the sinuses: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Mucocele of the paranasal sinuses is a unique retention saccular cyst of one paranasal sinus, formed as a result of obliteration of the nasal excretory duct and accumulation of mucous and hyaline secretions inside the sinus, as well as elements of epithelial desquamation

Surgical treatment of chronic frontitis

Surgical treatment of chronic frontal sinusitis has the following goals: opening the frontal sinus to the extent necessary for its revision, removal of pathologically altered mucous membrane and other pathomorphological formations (granulation tissue, polyps, necrotic areas of bone tissue, etc.)

Chronic purulent rhinoethmoiditis.

Chronic purulent rhinoethmoiditis (synonym: chronic anterior ethmoiditis) is a disease that is interpreted as a subsequent pathophysiological stage that occurs as a result of acute rhinoethmoiditis that is not cured within 2-3 months after its occurrence.

Chronic sinusitis

Chronic inflammations of the paranasal sinuses are divided in the same way as acute ones, into anterior (craniofacial) and posterior (ethmoidosphenoidal) chronic sinusitis. General provisions reflecting the etiology, pathogenesis, pathological anatomy, clinical course, etc. of the specified form of sinusitis.