Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Iron deficiency anemia in children

Iron deficiency anemia is a clinical and hematological syndrome based on a disorder of hemoglobin synthesis due to iron deficiency. Latent iron deficiency, which accounts for 70% of all iron deficiency conditions, is not considered a disease, but a functional disorder with a negative iron balance; it does not have an independent code according to ICD-10.

Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia

Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia is not a single nosological entity, but a genetically heterogeneous group, a complex of multifactorial diseases, the pathogenetic basis of which is individual features of the genome; clinical manifestation is provoked by the action of damaging environmental conditions (intrauterine factors, nutritional deficiencies).

Incomplete osteogenesis

Osteogenesis imperfecta (osteogenesisimperfecta, Lobstein-Wrolik disease; Q78.0) is a hereditary disease characterized by increased bone fragility, most often caused by mutations in the type I collagen genes, due to dysfunction of osteoblasts, which leads to disruption of endosteal and periosteal ossification.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS; Q79.6) is a genetically heterogeneous disease caused by various mutations in collagen genes or in genes responsible for the synthesis of enzymes involved in the maturation of collagen fibers.

Marfan syndrome

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by systemic connective tissue disorder (Q87.4; OMIM 154700). The inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant with high penetrance and variable expressivity.

Treatment of osteoporosis in children

Correction of osteoporosis in childhood is complicated by the fact that, unlike an adult patient with formed bone tissue, a child still needs to accumulate calcium in the bones to create peak bone mass in the future.

Diagnosis of osteoporosis in children

When assessing biochemical parameters, routine research methods are mandatory - determination of the calcium content (ionized fraction) and phosphorus in the blood, daily excretion of calcium and phosphorus in the urine, as well as excretion of calcium in the urine on an empty stomach in relation to the concentration of creatinine in the same portion of urine.

Osteoporosis in children

Osteoporosis [osteopenia, decreased bone mineral density (BMD)] is a complex multifactorial disease with slow asymptomatic progression until bone fractures develop.

Symptoms of rickets

Rickets is a disease of the whole organism with significant dysfunction of a number of organs and systems. The first clinical symptoms of rickets are found in children 2-3 months old. In premature babies, the disease manifests earlier (from the end of the 1st month).

Rakhitis

Rickets is a disease of young children caused by insufficient intake and/or formation of vitamin D in the body, characterized by impaired bone formation and the functions of various organs and systems due to changes in phosphorus-calcium metabolism.