Diseases of the nervous system (neurology)

Delirium: causes and pathogenesis

The elucidation of the etiology of delirium is based on the clinical interpretation of the data that was obtained. The main categories of disorders that need to be excluded include infections, metabolic and endocrine disorders, injuries, nutritional or exogenous effects, neoplasms, drug effects or substance abuse.

Delirium: an overview of information

In DSM-IV, delirium is defined as "a disorder of consciousness and a change in cognitive processes that develop over a short period of time" (American Psychiatric Association, DSM-IV). Delirium is characterized by easy distraction of patients, violation of concentration of attention, memory disorder, disorientation, speech disturbance.

Dementia with Levy bodies

Dementia with Levi bodies is one of the most common forms of dementia. The disease is characterized by a progressive violation of memory, speech, praxis, thinking. Distinctive clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies are fluctuations in mental status, transient states of confusion, hallucinations (most often visual), increased sensitivity to neuroleptics.

Causes and symptoms of vascular dementia

Risk factors for stroke also serve as risk factors and vascular dementia. These include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, smoking, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, noise heard over the carotid artery, alcohol abuse, old age, male sex.

Vascular dementia

In the US, vascular dementia ranks second in prevalence after Alzheimer's disease. In some other regions of the world, where the incidence of stroke is very high, vascular dementia is ahead of the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease

Dementia in Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

To date, the FDA has approved the use of four inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase-tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine for mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease, with severe dementia, an antagonist of the NMDA subtype of glutamate memantine receptors.

Dementia in Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnosis

Clinical diagnosis of a possible Alzheimer's disease can be established if: there is a dementia syndrome in the absence of other neurological, psychiatric or systemic diseases capable of causing dementia, but with atypical origin, clinical manifestations or course; the presence of a second systemic or neurologic disease that can cause dementia, but can not be considered a cause of dementia in this case;

Dementia in Alzheimer's: What's Happening?

Macroscopic changes in Alzheimer's disease include diffuse brain atrophy with a decrease in the volume of convolutions and widening of the furrows. With pathohistological examination, patients with Alzheimer's disease are diagnosed with senile plaques, neurofibrillary glomeruli and a decrease in the number of neurons.

Dementia in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in the western hemisphere, accounting for more than 50% of its cases. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease increases with age. In women, the disease is more common than in men.

Dementia: general information

This article presents diseases most often causing dementia - Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, HIV-encephalopathy (AIDS dementia) and dementia with Leah bodies. Together, they account for more than 80% of cases of dementia.