Functional dyspepsia

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a symptom complex that includes pain or discomfort in the epigastric region, heaviness and a feeling of fullness in the epigastrium after eating, early satiety, bloating, nausea, vomiting, belching and other symptoms, in which, despite a thorough examination, it is not possible to identify any organic disease in the patient.

Epidemiology of functional dyspepsia

In Western European countries, functional dyspepsia is found in 30-40% of the population, it is the reason for 4-5% of all visits to the doctor. In the USA and Great Britain, dyspeptic complaints (symptoms) bother 26% and 41% of the population, respectively. In Russia, functional dyspepsia is found in 30-40% of the population. Functional dyspepsia is more common in young people (17-35 years), and in women 1.5-2 times more often than in men.

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Classification of functional dyspepsia

Depending on the clinical picture of the disease, there are three types of functional dyspepsia:

• ulcer-like;
• dyskinetic;
• non-specific.

In the ulcer-like variant, constant or periodic pain of varying intensity in the epigastrium or a feeling of discomfort are observed, often occurring on an empty stomach, at night, and decreasing after eating or taking antisecretory agents.

Symptoms of functional dyspepsia

The diagnosis of functional dyspepsia should be assumed in the presence of corresponding complaints and exclusion of organic pathology with similar symptoms: gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer, chronic pancreatitis, cholelithiasis. In addition, symptoms characteristic of FD are observed in scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetic gastroparesis, hyperparathyroidism, hyper- and hypothyroidism, ischemic heart disease, osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine, pregnancy.

Diagnostics of functional dyspepsia

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Screening for functional dyspepsia

Screening measures to detect functional dyspepsia are not carried out.

Indications for hospitalization

Hospitalization is indicated when a complex examination is required and there are difficulties in differential diagnosis.

Treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia syndrome should be comprehensive and include measures to normalize lifestyle, diet and nutrition, drug therapy, and, if necessary, psychotherapeutic methods.

Treatment of functional dyspepsia

Goals of treatment for functional dyspepsia

Reduction of clinical symptoms. Prevention of relapses.

Prevention of functional dyspepsia

Measures to prevent the development of functional dyspepsia have not been developed.