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Acute gastrointestinal diseases in children
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Acute gastrointestinal diseases in children according to the frequency of occurrence take second place after acute respiratory viral infection among pathologies of young children. Acute gastrointestinal diseases at this age are never limited to the morphological and functional changes only of the stomach and intestines, and almost always combine with more or less pronounced disturbances in the general condition of the child, the functions of other organs, violation of CBS, metabolism, especially water-salt. Developing in this state, the so-called "intestinal toxicosis" - is a symptom complex, which requires urgent medical intervention to save the lives of the sick. According to the WHO, 10 children die from acute gastrointestinal diseases and their complications every minute in the world, and in the year of loss among children under 5 reach 5 million.
[Causes of acute gastrointestinal diseases in children
Parenteral dyspepsia is associated with acute diseases outside the gastrointestinal tract (pathology of the respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary and other systems), when into the gastrointestinal tract is affected by intoxication, hypoxia, circulatory disorders, changes in the CNS and VNS, motor disorders and intestinal dysfunction.
Dyskinesia (spasm, atony) of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract is usually a consequence of a disturbance in the regulation of muscle tone in the pathology of the nervous system in children, especially with perinatal encephalopathy.
Symptoms of acute gastrointestinal diseases in children
Symptoms of acute gastrointestinal diseases are composed of the following main syndromes: toxicosis, exsicosis, dyspeptic syndrome.
Toxicosis is a nonspecific syndrome, which consists of an increase in body temperature, the appearance of pallor with a grayish color, and with severe acidosis, the marbling of the skin. The child is disturbed by sleep, appetite decreases, behavior changes up to the comorbidity and coma.
Exxicosis (dehydration, dehydration) is most specific for gastrointestinal diseases and is prognostically significant, manifested by a change in the child's attitude to drinking, dryness of the mucous membranes, a decrease in body weight and tissue turgor, the westernization of the fontanel, a decrease in diuresis, and symptoms of hemodynamic disorders due to hypovolemia.
Where does it hurt?
What's bothering you?
Diagnosis of acute gastrointestinal diseases in children
Diagnosis of acute gastrointestinal diseases is based on a comprehensive clinical and laboratory approach. Carefully collected history and a fully carried out objective examination make the diagnosis of acute gastrointestinal disease reliable, allow you to assess the severity of the patient and determine the tactics of reference.
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Treatment of acute gastrointestinal diseases in children
Hospitalization is required for children with severe and complicated forms of disease, children of the first year of life, children with an unfavorable premorbid background, as well as ineffectiveness of outpatient treatment.
Mode. It is necessary to provide the child with thermal comfort, hygienic content, access to fresh air. Important isolation and compliance with sanitary epidemics in intestinal infections.