Sanwal

Among the large number of psycholeptic drugs that affect the nervous system, a number of sleeping pills and sedatives are distinguished, one of which is Sanval, an effective medicine based on zolpidem. The drug is related to drugs similar to benzodiazepine.

Sanval is not sold over the counter: a doctor's prescription is required to purchase it.

[ 1 ], [ 2 ]

Indications Sanwal

The medicinal sleeping pill and sedative Sanval is used to correct sleep disorders, namely:

• if you have difficulty falling asleep;
• when waking up early in the morning;
• with regular or periodic awakenings in the middle of the night, followed by difficulty falling asleep.

As a rule, Sanval is used for short-term treatment and restoration of sleep quality, and for long-term use, other medications with similar effects should be selected.

[ 3 ], [ 4 ], [ 5 ], [ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 8 ]

Release form

Sanval is a tablet form of a medicinal product. A distinctive feature of the tablets is the presence of a film coating designed to prevent inactivation of the drug as a result of exposure to gastric juice.

One tablet contains 5 or 10 mg of the zolpidem tartrate component. The 5 mg tablets are light pink, while the 10 mg tablets are white, with a notch on one side for easy dosing.

The package may contain one or two blister plates, with 10 tablets in each plate. The package must include an annotation to this medicinal product with the indicated date of manufacture of the drug.

Names of analogues of the drug Sanval

The pharmaceutical industry produces a fairly large number of various drugs similar in composition and action to the drug Sanval:

• Adorma - tablets (R. Macedonia)
• Hypnogen - tablets (Czech Republic, Zentiva)
• Zolsana - tablets (Slovenia)
• Ivadal - tablets (UK)

In addition to the listed drugs, such medications as Andante, Rofen, Selofen, Zopiclone, Imovan, Normason, Piklon, Somnol, Sonat and Sonovan also have a similar effect.

Before replacing the drug Sanval prescribed by your doctor with an analogue drug, you must first consult a specialist.

[ 9 ]

Pharmacodynamics

The drug Sanval belongs to the class of imidazopyridines and has mild hypnotic activity.

The drug Sanval has a calming effect with a weakly expressed axiolytic, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant property. The active composition of the drug irritates benzodiazepine receptors in the α-subunit of the complex systems of GABA receptors located in the area of the IV plate of the motor-sensory areas of the cortex, in the reticular formation of the black substance, the visual tubercles of the ventral thalamic system, etc.

The connection with ω-receptors leads to the opening of ionoform pathways of neurons for chloride ions.

Sanval potentiates the stage of falling asleep, regulates the number of awakenings at night, makes the night's rest longer and better. The effect of lengthening the second phase of sleep and the stages of deep sleep has been noted.

Sanval does not cause drowsiness during the day.

[ 10 ], [ 11 ], [ 12 ], [ 13 ], [ 14 ]

Pharmacokinetics

After taking the drug Sanval, positive results are detected almost immediately. The active ingredient is quickly absorbed in the digestive system. Its maximum content in plasma is detected after 30-180 minutes. Biological availability is 70%, the degree of protein binding is up to 92%.

It has been found that the concentration of the drug in the blood serum directly depends on the amount of the drug taken orally. The active ingredient is metabolized in the liver, where three inactive products are formed. Some of them are excreted by the kidneys (more than 50%), and some by the intestines (less than 40%). The half-life can be 0.7-3.5 hours.

The drug Sanval does not affect the induction of liver enzymes.

In elderly patients, clearance rates may decrease, while the half-life does not increase significantly. The maximum concentration increases by 50%. In patients with severe renal pathology, the change in clearance is not clinically expressed. In severe liver pathologies, the bioavailability of active substances may increase, and the half-life is extended to 10 hours.

[ 15 ], [ 16 ], [ 17 ], [ 18 ], [ 19 ], [ 20 ], [ 21 ]

Dosing and administration

The medicine Sanval is intended for internal use. The dosage and duration of the treatment course should be determined and monitored by the attending physician. It is strictly unacceptable to independently make changes to the doctor's prescriptions.

The standard daily dose of the drug is usually 10 mg before going to bed. If the doctor deems it necessary, he or she may increase the dosage to 15 mg. It should be noted that the maximum daily dose is no more than 20 mg of the drug.

Elderly patients and people with liver failure are not recommended to take a dose of more than 5 mg. In rare cases, 10 mg per day is allowed.

The effect of Sanval is much better if the drug is taken immediately before going to bed.

The total duration of the treatment course should not exceed one month.

[ 30 ], [ 31 ], [ 32 ], [ 33 ], [ 34 ], [ 35 ]

Use Sanwal during pregnancy

Studies of the drug Sanval were conducted only on animals (rats and rabbits): no negative effect of the drug on reproductive function and intrauterine development of the fetus was observed. However, since specific studies involving humans have not been practiced, experts recommend refraining from using Sanval during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

If a patient discovers that she is pregnant while taking Sanval, she should inform her doctor about this.

During breastfeeding, taking Sanval is also undesirable, since information obtained during animal experiments indicates that this drug can suppress the production of breast milk. In addition, the active component of Sanval is found in breast milk.

Contraindications

A categorical contraindication to the prescription of the drug Sanval is a high probability of an allergic reaction to the drug.

Additional contraindications include:

• the period of bearing and feeding a child;
• children under 15 years of age.

It is recommended to limit the use of Sanval in the following situations:

• if there are cases of sudden cessation of breathing during sleep (apnea);
• in cases of respiratory failure;
• for myasthenia;
• if the patient is in a depressive state;
• in case of chronic alcoholism of the patient;
• in the presence of any drug addiction or drug abuse;
• in case of significant disorders of the functional capacity of the liver or kidneys;
• in old age.

[ 22 ], [ 23 ], [ 24 ], [ 25 ]

Side effects Sanwal

During treatment with Sanval, side effects may develop. This happens relatively rarely (approximately 1% of cases), but you should be aware of such situations and be prepared for them.

Possible side effects may include:

• abdominal pain, dyspepsia;
• headaches, memory and motor coordination disorders, dizziness;
• increased sweating, pale skin, decreased blood pressure, periodic agitation, paresthesia, stupor;
• allergic reactions, skin rashes.

Long-term use of Sanval may lead to the development of drug dependence, so it is not recommended to take the medication for a long time without a doctor’s permission.

[ 26 ], [ 27 ], [ 28 ], [ 29 ]

Overdose

Any type of Sanval overdose, whether accidental or intentional, requires immediate medical attention.

Overdose symptoms may include disturbances of consciousness (from a feeling of fatigue and drowsiness to the development of a comatose state), difficulty breathing, and decreased blood pressure. Severe intoxication with the drug requires immediate medical attention.

In case of overdose, gastric lavage is mandatory. Flumazenil, a detoxifying agent and benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, can serve as an antidote. In case of any reaction of the body to excessive intake of Sanval - even with severe psychomotor agitation - under no circumstances should the patient be given any sedatives.

The effectiveness of dialysis in relation to the drug Sanval has not been confirmed. If other signs of overdose occur, the doctor prescribes appropriate symptomatic therapy.

[ 36 ], [ 37 ]

Interactions with other drugs

Drug interactions of Sanval with some medications are considered probable. For example, combined therapy with Sanval and drugs that suppress the nervous system (opioids, antitussives, neuroleptics, barbiturates, sedatives, antidepressants, antihistamines, cloridine) can enhance the said suppressive effect.

Flumazenil, being an antidote, neutralizes the hypnotic effect of Sanval.

Tranquilizers increase the likelihood of developing drug dependence on the drug Sanval.

The active ingredient of Sanval can stimulate the effect of Chlorpromazine and Imipramine, and also prolongs the half-life of these drugs.

The calming effect of Sanval is enhanced by drugs such as Ketoconazole or Ritonavir.

Alcoholic and alcohol-containing drinks and medications can enhance the depressant effect of the drug Sanval on the central nervous system.

[ 38 ], [ 39 ], [ 40 ], [ 41 ], [ 42 ], [ 43 ]

Storage conditions

It is recommended to store the medicine Sanval at standard room temperature, with a maximum thermometer reading of +25°C. If there are children or mentally unstable people in the family, their access to storing medicines should be as limited as possible.

[ 44 ], [ 45 ]

Shelf life

The medicinal product Sanval can be stored for up to 3 years, in the conditions appropriate to the instructions. After this period, the drug should not be used under any circumstances: it should be thrown away.

[ 46 ], [ 47 ], [ 48 ]