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Rare types of gastritis

Medical expert of the article

Dr. Maor Lahav

Gastroenterologist

Alexey Kryvenko, medical expert
Last reviewed: 07.07.2025

Rare types of gastritis - gastritis that occurs with a frequency of less than 5%. Rare types of gastritis include the following nosological units:

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Eosinophilic gastritis

It is characterized by extensive infiltration of the mucosa, submucosa, and muscular layers of the antrum of the stomach with acidophilic granulocytes. This lesion is usually idiopathic but may be seen with nematode infestation. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and early satiety.

Diagnosis is made by endoscopic biopsy of the affected areas of the stomach. Glucocorticoids may be effective in idiopathic cases; however, if pyloric stenosis develops, surgical treatment is indicated.

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Lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (pseudolymphoma)

A rare lesion characterized by massive lymphatic infiltration of the gastric mucosa, reminiscent of Menetrier's disease.

Gastritis caused by systemic disorders

Sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, amyloidosis and other granulomatous diseases can cause gastritis, which rarely has a primary manifestation.

Gastritis caused by physical agents

Radiation and ingestion of caustic substances (especially acidic components) can cause gastritis. Exposure to radiation greater than 16 gray causes severe deep gastritis, involving the antrum rather than the body of the stomach. Pyloric stenosis and esophageal rupture (perforation) are possible complications of radiation gastritis.

Infectious (septic) gastritis

Except for H. pylori infection, bacterial invasion of the stomach is rare and occurs mainly in the presence of ischemia, ingestion of caustic substances, or after exposure to radiation. X-ray examination reveals gas release from the mucosa. The disease may present as acute abdomen syndrome and has a very high mortality rate. Surgical treatment is often necessary.

In debilitated patients or in cases of immunodeficiency, viral or fungal gastritis caused by cytomegalovirus, Candida, histopasmosis or mucormycosis may develop; these diagnoses should be considered in patients with exudative gastritis, esophagitis or duodenitis.