Postinfarction cardiosclerosis

A fairly severe pathology, which is the replacement of myocardial cells by connective structures, as a consequence of myocardial infarction - postinfarction cardiosclerosis. This pathological process significantly disrupts the work of the heart itself and, as a consequence, the whole organism as a whole.

ICD-10 code

This disease has its own code on the μb (in the International Classification of Diseases). This is I25.1 - entitled "Atherosclerotic Heart Disease. Coronary (arteries): atheroma, atherosclerosis, disease, sclerosis. "

Causes of postinfarction cardiosclerosis

As already mentioned above, the pathology is caused by the replacement of necrotic myocardial structures with connective tissue cells, which can not but lead to deterioration of cardiac activity. And the reasons that can trigger such a process are several, but the main ones are the consequences of a myocardial infarction suffered by a patient.

Cardiologists distinguish these pathological changes in the body into a separate disease belonging to the group of ischemic heart diseases. Usually the diagnosis in question appears in the card of a person who has had a heart attack, two to four months after the attack. During this time, the process of scarring of the myocardium is mainly completed.

After all, an infarct is a focal dying out of cells, which must be replenished by the body. Due to the circumstances, the replacement is not analogous to the cells of the heart muscle, but a scar-connective tissue. It is this transformation that leads to the ailment considered in this article.

Depending on the location and extent of focal lesions, the degree of cardiac activity is determined. After all, "new" tissues do not have the ability to contract and are not able to pass electrical impulses.

Due to the arisen pathology, stretching and deformation of the heart chambers is observed. Depending on the location of the foci, tissue degeneration can affect the heart valves.

Another reason for the pathology under consideration may be myocardial dystrophy. The change in the heart muscle, which appeared as a result of a deviation in it from the metabolic rate, which leads to a violation of blood circulation as a result of reducing the contractility of the heart muscle.

To lead to a similar ailment is also capable of trauma. But the last two cases, as catalysts for the problem, are much less common.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Symptoms of postinfarction cardiosclerosis

The clinical form of manifestation of this ailment directly depends on the place of formation of necrotic foci and, accordingly, scars. That is, the larger the scarring, the more severe the symptomatic manifestations.

Symptoms are quite diverse, but the main one is heart failure. Similarly, the patient is able to feel this discomfort:

• Arrhythmia - the failure of the rhythmic work of the organ.
• Progressive dyspnea.
• Decrease in resistance to physical stress.
• Tachycardia is an acceleration of the rhythm.
• Orthopnea - problems with breathing while lying down.
• There may be nighttime attacks of cardiac asthma. Descend 5 - 20 minutes after the patient has changed the position of the body, to the vertical (standing, sitting), breathing is restored and the person comes to "himself." If this is not done, then on the background of arterial hypertension, which is a concomitant element of pathology, ontogeny - pulmonary edema - can reasonably occur. Or as it is also called acute left ventricular failure.
• Attacks of spontaneous angina, with the pain may not accompany this attack. This fact can manifest itself against the background of a violation of the coronary circulation.
• With lesion of the right ventricle, there may be swelling of the lower extremities.
• An increase in the venous ways in the neck can be seen.
• Gidorothax is a collection of transudate (a fluid not of inflammatory origin) in the pleural cavity.
• Acrocyanosis is a cyanotic color of the skin, associated with insufficient blood supply to small capillaries.
• Hydropericardium is a dropsy of the heart shroud.
• Hepatomegaly - stagnation of blood in the vessels of the liver.

Large-Scale Postinfarction Cardiosclerosis

A large focal type of pathology is the most severe form of the disease, leading to serious disruption in the work of the affected organ, and the whole organism as a whole.

In this case myocardial cells are partially or completely replaced by connective tissues. Large areas of replaced tissue significantly reduce the performance of the human pump, including these changes can affect the valve system, which only exacerbates the situation. With such a clinical picture, a timely, sufficiently in-depth examination of the patient is necessary, which later will have to be very careful about your health.

The main symptomatology of large-focal pathology is:

• The appearance of respiratory discomfort.
• Failures in the normal rhythm of contractions.
• Manifestation of pain symptoms in the chest area.
• Increased fatigue.
• Sufficiently palpable swelling of the lower and upper extremities is possible, and in rare cases, the entire body is completely absent.

It is quite difficult to identify with the causes of this particular type of disease, especially if the source is a disease that has been transferred relatively long ago. Physicians designate only a few: •

• Diseases of an infectious and / or viral nature.
• Acute allergic reactions of the body, to some external stimulus.

Atherosclerotic postinfarction cardiosclerosis

This type of considered pathology is caused by the progression of coronary heart disease by replacing myocardial cells with connective, due to atherosclerotic disorders of the coronary arteries.

In simpler terms, against the background of a prolonged lack of oxygen and nutrients that the heart experiences, the division of connective cells between cardiomyocytes (muscle cells of the heart) is activated, which leads to the development and progression of the atherosclerotic process.

Lack of oxygen is due to the accumulation of cholesterol plaques on the walls of blood vessels, which leads to a decrease or a complete blockage of the passageway of the blood flow.

Even if there is no complete blockage of the lumen, the amount of blood coming to the organ decreases, and, consequently, there is a shortage of oxygen in the cells. Especially this lack is felt by the heart muscles even with a slight load.

In people who have greater physical activity, but who have atherosclerotic problems with blood vessels, postinfarction cardiosclerosis is manifested and progresses much more actively.

In turn, to reduce the lumen of the coronary vessels can lead to:

• Failure in lipid metabolism leads to an increase in the level of cholesterol in the plasma, which accelerates the development of sclerotic processes.
• Chronically high blood pressure. Hypertension increases the rate of blood flow, which causes blood microviori. This fact creates additional conditions for the deposition of cholesterol plaques.
• Addiction to nicotine. It, when ingested, provokes spasmodic capillaries, which temporarily worsens the blood flow and, consequently, the supply of systems and organs with oxygen. In this case, chronic smokers have increased cholesterol in the blood.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Excess kilograms add a load, which increases the likelihood of developing ischemia.
• Constant stress activates the work of the adrenal glands, which leads to an increase in the level of hormones in the blood.

In this situation, the process of development of the disease in question proceeds slowly at a slow rate. Primarily, the left ventricle undergoes a lesion, since it is on him that the greatest burden falls, and with oxygen starvation it is he who suffers the most.

For a while the pathology does not manifest itself. The person begins to feel discomfort when practically all of the muscle tissue is covered with inclusions of cells of connective tissue.

Analyzing the mechanism of the development of the disease, we can conclude that it is diagnosed in people whose age has passed the forty-year boundary.

[7], [8], [9], [10], [11]

Lower postinfarction cardiosclerosis

Due to its anatomical structure, the right ventricle is located in the lower region of the heart. It "serves" a small circle of blood circulation. This name he received due to the fact that circulating blood captures only lung tissue and the heart itself, without feeding other human organs.

In a small circle, only the venous blood flows. Due to all these factors, this area of the human motor is less susceptible to the influence of negative factors, which lead to the disease considered in this article.

Complications of postinfarction cardiosclerosis

As a consequence of developing postinfarction cardiosclerosis, other ailments may develop later:

• Atrial fibrillation.
• The development of an aneurysm of the left ventricle, which has passed into a chronic condition.
• Diverse blockades: atrioventricular.
• The probability of occurrence of various thromboses, thromboembolic manifestations increases.
• Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia.
• Ventricular extrasystole.
• Complete atrioventricular block.
• Syndrome of weakness of the sinus node.
• Tamponade of the pericardial cavity.
• In especially severe cases, an aneurysm ruptures and, as a result, the patient's death.

This reduces the quality of life of the patient:

• The shortness of breath increases.
• The working capacity and load tolerance decreases.
• Heart violations are observed.
• There are breakdowns in the rhythm.
• Usually one can observe ventricular and atrial fibrillation.

In the case of development of an atherosclerotic disease, the side symptomatology is able to affect the non-cardiac areas of the victim's body.

• Impaired sensation in the extremities. Especially the feet and phalanges of the fingers suffer.
• Syndrome of cold extremities.
• Atrophy is able to develop.
• Pathological disorders may affect the vascular system of the brain, eyes and other areas.

[12], [13], [14], [15]

Sudden death with postinfarction cardiosclerosis

How regrettable it sounds, but a person suffering from the disease under consideration has a high risk of asystole (cessation of bioelectric activity, which leads to cardiac arrest), and as a consequence, the onset of sudden clinical death. Therefore, the relative of this patient should be prepared for this outcome, especially if the process is sufficiently started.

Another cause that leads to a sudden onset of death, and is a consequence of postinfarction cardiosclerosis is an exacerbation of pathology and the development of cardiogenic shock. It is he who, with inadequately rendered assistance (and in some cases also with it) becomes the starting point of the onset of death.

To provoke lethality is also capable of ventricular fibrillation, that is, a disparate and multidirectional reduction of individual bundles of myocardial fibers.

Based on the foregoing, it should be understood that the person to whom the diagnosis in question is to carefully monitor their health, regularly monitoring their blood pressure, heart rate and their rhythmicity, visit the cardiologist on a regular basis. This is the only way to reduce the risk of sudden death.

Diagnosis of postinfarction cardiosclerosis

• In case of suspected heart disease, including the one considered in this article, the cardiologist assigns a series of studies to the patient:
• Analysis of anamnesis of the patient.
• Physical examination by a doctor.
• He tries to establish whether the patient has an arrhythmia, and how stable it is.
• Carrying out electrocardiography. This method is quite informative and can "tell" a qualified specialist a lot.
• Ultrasonic examination of the heart.
• The appointment of rhythmocardiography is an additional non-invasive electrophysiological study of the heart, through which the doctor receives a record of the variability of the rhythm of the blood-pumping organ.
• Positron emission tomography (PET) of the heart is a radionuclide tomographic study that allows finding the localization of hypoperfusion lesions.
• Coronarography is a radiopaque method of studying the coronary artery of the heart for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease using X-rays and contrast fluid.
• Carrying out an echocardiogram is one of the methods of ultrasound research aimed at studying the morphological and functional changes in the heart and its valve apparatus.
• Establishment of the frequency of manifestations of heart failure.
• Radiography can determine the change in the size parameters of the biological mechanism under study. Basically, this fact is revealed at the expense of the left half.
• In order to diagnose or rule out transient ischemia, in some cases a person has to undergo exercise tests - tests.
• A cardiologist, if the medical institution has such equipment, can prescribe holter monitoring, which allows daily monitoring of the patient's heart.
• Conduction of ventriculography. This is a more focused examination, an x-ray method for assessing the chambers of the heart, in which a contrast agent is administered. In this case, the image of the contrasted ventricle is recorded on a special film or other recording device.

[16], [17]

Postinfarction cardiosclerosis on ECG

ECG or as it is deciphered - electrocardiography. This method of medical examination aimed at analyzing the bioelectrical activity of myocardial fibers. Electropulse, having arisen in the sinus node, passes, due to a certain level of conductivity, through the fibers. In parallel with the passage of the pulse signal, cardiomyocytes are reduced.

During electrocardiography, due to special sensitive electrodes and a recording device, the direction of the moving pulse is recorded. Thanks to this, a specialist can obtain a clinical picture of the work of individual structures of the heart complex.

An experienced cardiologist, having an ECG of a patient, is able to obtain an assessment of the main parameters of the work:

• The level of automatism. The ability of various departments of the human pump to independently generate a pulse of the necessary frequency, which excitably acts on the fibers of the myocardium. There is an evaluation of extrasystole.
• Degree of conductivity - the possibility of cardio fibers to conduct a signal from the place of its origin to the contracting myocardium - cardiomyocytes. There is an opportunity to see if there is a lag in the contractile activity of a valve and a muscle group. Usually the mismatch in their work arises just in case of conduction disturbance.
• Assessment of the level of excitability under the influence of the created bioelectric impulse. In a healthy state, under the influence of this stimulation, a certain group of muscles undergoes contraction.

The procedure itself is painless and takes a little time. Taking into account all the preparation for this, it takes 10 - 15 minutes. In this case, the cardiologist receives a quick, sufficiently informative, result. It should also be noted that the procedure itself is not expensive, which makes it accessible to the broad masses of the population, including the poor.

The preparatory measures include:

• The patient needs to bare the torso, wrists on the arms and legs.
• These places by the medical worker conducting the procedure are wetted with water (or soap solution). After that, the passage of the pulse is improved and, accordingly, the level of its perception by the electrical appliance.
• On the ankle, wrists, and chest, we put on sutures and suckers, which will catch the necessary signals.

At the same time, there are accepted requirements, the implementation of which must be clearly controlled:

• A yellow electrode is attached to the left wrist.
• On the right - a red shade.
• On the left ankle, a green electrode is applied.
• On the right - black.
• A special sucker is placed on the chest in the heart area. In most cases, there should be six.

After receiving the diagrams, the cardiologist evaluates:

• The height of the voltage of the QRS denticles (failure of ventricular contractility).
• The level of shift of criterion S - T. The probability of their decrease is below the norm isoline.
• Estimation of peaks T: the degree of decrease from the norm is analyzed, including the transition to negative values.
• Varieties of tachycardia of different frequencies are considered. Fluttering or atrial fibrillation is assessed.
• The presence of blockades. Estimation of the conductivity of the conductive bundle of cardiac tissue.

To decipher an electrocardiogram, a qualified specialist must, who, in various kinds of deviations from the norm, is able to add up the entire clinical picture of the disease, localizing the pathology center and deriving the correct diagnosis.

Treatment of postinfarction cardiosclerosis

Given that this pathology refers to quite complex manifestations and because of the responsible function that this body performs for the body, therapy for the relief of this problem must necessarily be of a complex nature.

These are non-drug and medicamental techniques, if necessary, surgically treated. Only timely and full-scale treatment can achieve a positive resolution of the problem with coronary artery disease.

If the pathology is not yet very much started, then by means of medical correction, the source of the deviation can be eliminated, restoring normal functioning. By acting directly on the links of pathogenesis, for example, the source of atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis (formed cholesterol plaques, blockage of blood vessels, arterial hypertension, etc.), it is quite possible to cure the disease (if it is in its infancy) or substantially support normal metabolism and functioning.

It should also be noted that self-treatment in this clinical picture is absolutely unacceptable. Prescribe medications can only be with a confirmed diagnosis. Otherwise, the patient can bring even more harm, exacerbating the situation. At the same time, it is possible to obtain irreversible processes. Therefore, even the attending physician-cardiologist, before prescribing therapy, should absolutely be sure of the correctness of the diagnosed diagnosis.

Atherosclerotic form of the ailment in question, a group of medicines is used to combat heart failure. These are such pharmacological agents as:

• Metabolites: ricavit, midolate, mildronate, apilac, ribonosine, glycine, milife, biotredin, antisten, riboxin, cardionate, succinic acid, cardiomagnesium and others.
• Fibrates: normolip, gemfibrozil, gevilon, ciprofibrate, fenofibrate, ipolipid, bezafibrate, regulap and others.
• Statins: rekol, mevakor, cardiostatin, pitavastatin, lovasterol, atorvastatin, rovacor, pravastatin, apexstatin, simvastatin, lovakor, rosuvastatin, fluvastatin, medostatin, lovastatin, choletar, cerivastatin and others.

Metabolic means glycine is fairly well perceived by the body. The only contraindication to its use is hypersensitivity to one or several components of the drug.

The drug is administered in two ways - under the tongue (sublingually) or located between the upper lip and the gum (buccal) until complete resorption.

The drug is prescribed by dosage depending on the age of the patient:

Babies who are not yet three years old - half the tablet (50 ml) two to three times throughout the day. This mode of admission is practiced for one to two weeks. Next, for seven to ten days, half the tablets once a day.

Children who are already three years old and adults are prescribed for the whole tablet two or three times during the day. This mode of admission is practiced for one to two weeks. With therapeutic need, the treatment course is extended to a month, then a month-long break and a second course of treatment.

The gipofibrozil hypolipidemic agent is attributed to the doctor within 30 minutes before meals. The recommended dosage is 0.6 g twice a day (in the morning and evening) or 0.9 g once a day (in the evening). The tablet should not be bitten. The maximum allowable dosage is 1.5 g. Duration of treatment is one and a half month, and if necessary, more.

Contraindications for this medicine include: primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver, increased intolerance to the organisms of the patient components of gemfibrozil, as well as the period of pregnancy and lactation.

Fluivastatinum fluvastatin is administered regardless of food intake, wholly, without chewing, together with a small amount of water. Recommended for use in the evening, or just before bedtime.

The starting dosage is selected individually - from 40 to 80 mg per diem and is adjusted depending on the effect achieved. At an easy stage of the disorder, a decrease of up to 20 mg per day is allowed.

Contraindications for this medicine include: acute ailments affecting the liver, the general severe condition of the patient, the individual intolerance of the components of the drug, the period of pregnancy, lactation (in women) and children's age, since the absolute safety of the drug is not proven.

Used also inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE-blockers): olivine, normapress, Invorio, captopril, minipril, Lerin, enalapril, renipril, kalpiren, Korando, enalakor, miopril and others.

ACE blocker enalapril is taken regardless of food. With monotherapy, the starting dose is one-time at 5 mg per diem. If the therapeutic effect is not observed, after a week - two it can be increased to 10 mg. The drug should be taken under constant monitoring by a specialist.

With normal tolerability, and if necessary, the dosage can be increased to 40 mg daily, separated by one to two doses throughout the day.

The maximum allowable daily amount is 40 mg.

When co-administered with a diuretic, the second should be discontinued a couple of days before enalapril is administered.

The drug is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to its components, during pregnancy and lactation.

In complex therapy, diuretics are also introduced : furosemide, kinex, indap, lasix and others.

Furosemide in the form of tablets is taken on an empty stomach without chewing. The maximum allowable daily amount for adult patients is 1.5 g. The starting dosage is determined from the calculation of 1 - 2 mg per kilogram of the patient's weight (in some cases, up to 6 mg per kilogram is allowed). The next dose of the drug is not permissible earlier than six hours after the initial injection.

Edeminal parameters for chronic heart failure are dosed from 20 to 80 mg daily, divided into two to three inputs (for an adult patient).

Contraindications to use can be such diseases: acute renal and / or hepatic dysfunction, coma or predkomatoznoe state, violation of water - electrolyte metabolism, severe form of glomerulonephritis, decompensated mitral or aortic stenosis, children's age (up to 3 years), pregnancy and lactation.

To activate and lead to a normal heart rate, often drugs such as lanoxin, dilanacin, strophanthin, dilacor, lancor or digoxin.

Cardiotonic, cardiac glycoside, digoxin is prescribed starting amount up to 250 μg daily (for patients, whose weight does not exceed 85 kg) and up to 375 μg daily (for patients whose weight exceeds 85 kg).

For elderly patients, this amount is reduced to 6.25 - 12.5 mg (quarter or half of the tablet).

It is not recommended to administer digoxin in the presence of a history of human diseases such as glycoside intoxication, AV blockade of the second degree or complete blockade, in the case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, as well as with increased sensitivity to the drug.

If the complex of medicamentous and non-drug therapy does not bring the expected effect, the consultation appoints surgical treatment. The range of operations is quite wide:

• Expansion of the narrowed coronary vessels, allowing to normalize the volume of passing blood.
• Shunting is the creation of an additional path bypassing the affected area of a vessel using a system of shunts. The operation is carried out on the open heart.
• Stenting is a minimally invasive intervention aimed at restoring the normal lumen of the affected arteries by implanting the metal structure into the cavity of the vessel.
• Balloon angioplasty is an intravascular bloodless method of surgical intervention, used to eliminate stenosis (constriction).

The main methods of physiotherapy have not found their application in the protocol of treatment of the disease in question. Only electrophoresis can be used. It is applied topically to the heart area. In this case, drugs from the group of statins are used, which, thanks to this therapy, are delivered directly to the sore spot.

Well-established spa treatment with mountain air. As an additional method, special therapeutic exercise is applied, which will raise the general tone of the body and normalize blood pressure.

Psychotherapy with the diagnosis of postinfarction cardiosclerosis

Psychotherapeutic therapy is a system of therapeutic effect on the psyche and through the psyche on the human body. It does not interfere with the relief of the disease considered in this article. After all, how well-adjusted, in terms of treatment, a person largely depends on his attitude in therapy, the correctness of the fulfillment of all prescriptions of the doctor. And as a result - a higher degree of the result obtained.

It should only be noted that this therapy (psychotherapeutic treatment) should be conducted only by an experienced specialist. After all, the human psyche is a delicate organ, the damage of which is capable of pendant to an unpredictable finale.

Nursing care for postinfarction cardiosclerosis

To duties of the average medical personnel on care of patients with the diagnosis postinfarction cardiosclerosis carry:

• General care for such a patient:
  • Replacement of bedding and accessories.
  • Sanitation of the room with ultraviolet rays.
  • Ventilation chamber.
  • Fulfillment of prescriptions of the attending doctor.
  • Carrying out of preparatory measures before diagnostic researches or an operative measure.
  • Training of the patient and his relatives to correct input of nitroglycerin in the period of a pain attack.
  • Training of the same category of people keeping a diary of observations, which will subsequently allow the doctor to follow the dynamics of the disease.
• On the shoulders of paramedical personnel lies the responsibility of conducting conversations on the topic of taking care of one's health and the consequences of ignoring problems. The need for timely intake of medicines, monitoring the regime of the day and nutrition. Mandatory daily monitoring of the patient's condition.
• Help in finding motivation for lifestyle changes that would reduce risk factors for pathology, and its progression.
• Conducting consultative training on the prevention of disease.

Clinical follow-up for postinfarction cardiosclerosis

Clinical examination is a complex of active measures ensuring systematic monitoring of the patient who was diagnosed with the diagnosis in this article.

The indication for clinical examination is similar symptomatology:

• The onset of angina pectoris.
• Progression of angina pectoris.
• When there is heart pain and dyspnea at rest.
• Vasospastic, that is, spontaneous pain symptoms and other symptoms of angina pectoris.

All patients with these manifestations are subject to compulsory admission to specialized cardiology units. Clinical follow-up for postinfarction cardiosclerosis includes:

• 24-hour monitoring of the patient and identification of his anamnesis.
• Multidisciplinary research and consultation of other specialists.
• Care for the sick.
• Establishment of the correct diagnosis, source of pathology and the appointment of a protocol of treatment.
• Monitoring the susceptibility of the patient's body to a particular pharmacological drug.
• Regular monitoring of the body.
• Sanitary and hygienic and economic measures.

[18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]

Prevention of postinfarction cardiosclerosis

Promotion of a healthy lifestyle is a reduction in the risk of any disease, and prevention of postinfarction cardiosclerosis, including.

To these events, the food and the way of life that is inherent in this person comes first. Therefore, people who want to keep their health as long as possible should follow simple rules:

• Food should be full and balanced, rich in vitamins (especially magnesium and potassium) and trace elements. Portions should be small, but preferably five to six times a day, without overeating.
• Watch your weight.
• Do not allow large daily physical activity.
• Full sleep and rest.
• It is necessary to avoid stressful situations. The condition of a person must be emotionally stable.
• Timely and adequate treatment of myocardial infarction.
• We recommend a special therapeutic and sports complex. Healing walking.
• Balneotherapy - treatment with mineral waters.
• Regular dispensary monitoring.
• Spa treatment.
• Walking before going to bed and being in a ventilated room.
• Positive attitude. If necessary - psychotherapy, communication with nature and animals, viewing positive programs.
• Prophylactic massages.

More in detail it is necessary to stop on a food. From the diet of such a patient, coffee and alcoholic beverages must disappear, as well as products that excite the cells of the nervous and cardiovascular system:

• Cocoa and strong tea.
• Minimize salt intake.
• Limited - onions and garlic.
• Fatty grades of fish and meat.

It is necessary to remove from the diet products that cause increased gas emission in the human intestine:

• All beans.
• Radish and radish.
• Milk.
• Cabbage, especially sour.
• From the diet, subproducts should be lost, causing the "bad" cholesterol to settle in the vessels: internal organs of animals, liver, lungs, kidneys, brains.
• Smoked meat and spicy dishes are not allowed.
• To exclude from the diet products of supermarkets with a large number of "E-Shek": stabilizers, emulsifiers, various dyes and chemical taste enhancements.

Prognosis of postinfarction cardiosclerosis

The prognosis of postinfarction cardiosclerosis directly depends on the location of pathological changes in the myocardium, as well as the severity of the disease.

If the left ventricle, which provides blood flow to the circulatory system, is damaged, while the blood flow itself decreases by more than 20% of the norm, the quality of life of such patients is significantly impaired. In such a clinical picture, drug treatment acts as maintenance therapy, but can not completely cure the disease. Without organ transplantation, the survival rate of such patients does not exceed five years.

This pathology is directly tied to the formation of scar tissue, replacing healthy cells that have undergone ischemia and necrosis. This replacement leads to the fact that the region of focal lesions completely "drops out" of the working process, the remaining healthy cells try to pull a heavy load against which the heart failure develops. The more affected areas, the heavier the degree of pathology, the more difficult it is to eliminate the symptomatology and the source of the pathology, leading the tissues to recovery. After the diagnosis, the therapy is aimed at the maximum elimination of the problem and prevention of recurrence of the infarction.

The heart is a human motor, requiring some care and care. Only with the implementation of all preventive measures can we expect him to continue to work properly. But if the patient fails and is diagnosed with postinfarction cardiosclerosis, then it should not be delayed with treatment so as not to allow the development of more serious complications. It should not be in such a situation to rely on an independent solution to the problem. Only with timely diagnosis and taking adequate measures under the constant supervision of a qualified specialist can we speak about the high effectiveness of the result. This approach to the problem will improve the patient's quality of life, and even save his life!