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Endocrine part of the gonads
Last reviewed: 18.10.2021
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The testis in men and the ovary in women, in addition to reproductive cells, produce and release into the blood sex hormones, under the influence of which secondary sexual characteristics are formed.
Endocrine function in the testicle has interstitium, represented by glandular cells - interstitial endocrinocytes of the testicle (Leydig cells). These cells are located in a loose connective tissue between the convoluted seminiferous tubules, next to the blood and lymphatic capillaries. Interstitial endocrinocytes of the testicle secrete the male sex hormone testosterone (androgen), which affects the development of genital organs, puberty, spermatogenesis, the formation of secondary sexual characteristics, sexual behavior.
The ovaries produce sex hormones estrogen (folliculin) and progesterone and a small amount of androgens.
Estrogens, secreted by the cells of the granular layer of maturing follicles, affect the development of genital and body organs according to the female type, sexual behavior, stimulate the proliferation of the uterine mucosa during the menstrual cycle.
Progesterone, synthesized by cells of the yellow body - luteocytes, prepares the mucous membrane of the uterus for the perception of a fertilized egg, affects the development of the placenta, mammary glands, and also inhibits the growth of new follicles.
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