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X-ray of the uterus and ovaries
Medical expert of the article
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
In those years when only the X-ray method was used to study the reproductive organs, the radiation diagnosis occupied a relatively modest place in obstetrics and gynecology. Its development restrained the risk of radiation damage to the fetus or gonads. However, when there were methods not related to radiation exposure, especially such as ultrasound and radioimmunoassay, the situation changed. Without radiation research, it is already impossible to imagine modern obstetrics, gynecology and mammology.
Radial anatomy of the uterus and ovaries
The image of the internal sexual organs of a woman can be obtained with the help of different ray methods. The main significance among them was acquired by ultrasound scanning (sonography). It has no contraindications and can be produced in all phases of the menstrual cycle and in any period of pregnancy. Especially valuable is the combination of transvaginal and abdominal sonography.
Metrosalpingography (hysterosalpingography)
Radiation examination of hormonal regulation of the reproductive function of the female body
Regulation of all functions of the sexual system of a woman occurs with the participation of the cerebral cortex, subcortical structures, pituitary gland, ovaries, as well as the uterus, vagina, mammary glands. The interrelation and the coordinated interaction of all elements of this complex system are realized by means of the mechanism of multistage negative and positive feedback. Violation of one of the links in the chain of regulatory mechanisms is inevitably accompanied by a misalignment of the remaining hormonal relationships. Early detection of these disorders allows the methods of radioimmunological diagnostics.
The study of hormonal regulation of the reproductive function
Pregnancy and its disorders
The importance of radiation methods in the diagnosis of pregnancy and its disorders is very high. It suffices to list the main problems of radiation research.
First, the confirmation of the fact of pregnancy, the location of the fetus (in the uterus or abdominal cavity), the determination of the number of fetuses, the age and sex of the fetus and the correctness of its development, recognition of fetal anomalies and its death. Secondly, an assessment of the position, magnitude and condition of the placenta and amnion. Third, measurement of the pelvis and evaluation of the condition of the birth canal (in particular, the elimination of obstructions to the birth act, for example, pelvic deformities, ovarian cysts, etc.). Fourth, the definition of the hormonal status of a pregnant woman.
Diagnosis of pregnancy and its violation
Diseases of the reproductive system
Radiation methods are widely used in gynecological practice. Tactics of their use are developed taking into account anamnesis and clinical picture of the disease. The appointment is carried out by a gynecologist after consultation with a specialist in the field of radiation diagnosis.
For violations of the menstrual-ovarian cycle, preference is given to radioimmunoassay. In the diagnosis of anomalies of the uterus and appendages, the study of their morphology in injuries and diseases, the main role is played by sonography. If necessary, it is followed by a computer or magnetic resonance imaging. A definitive value retains the survey radiography of the abdominal and pelvic organs. Radiographs allow to assess the state of the skeleton and to reveal its changes in developmental anomalies, birth injuries, inflammatory and tumor lesions.
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