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Antibodies to cardiolipin in blood

Medical expert of the article

Pediatric immunologist
, medical expert
Last reviewed: 05.07.2025

Reference values (norm) of the concentration of anticardiolipin antibodies in the blood serum: IgG - less than 19 IU/ml; IgA - less than 15 IU/ml; IgM - less than 10 IU/ml.

Anticardiolipin antibodies are antibodies to phospholipids (cardiolipin - diphosphatidylglycerol) of cell membranes, the leading indicator of the presence of antiphospholipid mental syndrome in patients. Antibodies to cardiolipin are the main fraction of antibodies to phospholipids. A certain level of autoantibodies to cardiolipin is present in the blood of healthy people, but when it increases, a qualitatively new condition occurs in the hemostasis system. These antibodies interact with phospholipids of platelet membranes and vascular endothelial cells, causing their destruction and contributing to the occurrence of thrombosis and thromboembolism.

An increase in the concentration of antibodies is a sensitive and specific laboratory test that characterizes the risk of thrombotic complications. Patients with an increased concentration of antibodies to cardiolipin are considered to be at risk for thrombosis in various diseases. During pregnancy, due to thromboembolic damage to the trophoblast and placenta, fetal death, miscarriage, placental abruption, fetal hypotrophy and hypoxia are possible.

When diagnosing antiphospholipid syndrome, antibodies of the IgG, IgA and IgM classes are determined. In antiphospholipid syndrome, antibodies of the IgG and IgA classes are most often detected.

The content of anticardiolipin antibodies in the blood can fluctuate both spontaneously and in response to any pathological processes in the body. During the treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome, the concentration of anticardiolipin antibodies can change or remain at the same level.

IgM antibodies respond most quickly to effective treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome (their levels decrease). In low concentrations, anticardiolipin IgM antibodies may be present in rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, drug-induced lupus erythematosus, Lyme disease, and syphilis.

Cerebral circulation disorders associated with the production of antibodies to phospholipids have a number of clinical features: they occur at a young age, more often in women, and often recur. Antibodies to phospholipids are detected in 2.4-46% of young patients with ischemic cerebral circulation disorders (anticardiolipin antibodies - in 60%, LA - in 75%, both at the same time - in 50-75%).

The relative risk of developing strokes, miscarriages, or deep vein thrombosis in patients with anticardiolipin antibodies in the blood is 2-4 times higher than in patients who do not have them.

Anticardiolipin antibodies may appear in the following diseases: thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatism, polyarteritis nodosa, myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, infections (tuberculosis, leprosy, staphylococcal, streptococcal infections, measles, mononucleosis, rubella, HIV infection), arterial hypertension, obliterating endarteritis, systemic atherosclerosis, the threat of developing thrombotic complications, obstetric pathology with the development of antiphospholipid syndrome

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