Diet during pregnancy

Diet during pregnancy is an important condition for bearing a strong baby, as well as maintaining the health and stamina of a future mother. To such an issue as proper nutrition during pregnancy, it is necessary to be treated with all responsibility, giving preference to exclusively natural products that will saturate the woman's body with the necessary vitamins, microelements and various nutrients.

To eat should be so that in the mother's body at the right time was ready at the appropriate material for "building" a little man, laying his internal organs, nervous system, immunity, as well as full-fetal development. That is why it is so important to build the correct diet of a pregnant woman.

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Menu diet during pregnancy

The diet menu during pregnancy involves the introduction into the diet of the future mother of the products necessary for the normal course of pregnancy, the well-organized work of the woman's body and the high-quality intrauterine nutrition of the baby. Such a menu is also aimed at avoiding problems with excess kilograms, often occurring during pregnancy and during the post-natal period.

A pregnant woman must take care of a balanced diet of her diet, which must include a variety of foods and meals. At the same time, one should remember about the norms and certain dosages in the intake of food.

In the diet menu during pregnancy, you must enter the following foods and meals: 

• the first dishes (in the form of vegetable, milk soups and broths); 
• Low-fat meat and a variety of meat dishes (beef, chicken, turkey meat, veal, red meat); 
• Milk and various dairy products (low in fat); 
• bakery, flour and pasta; 
• cereals (mainly as an addition to the first dishes); 
• eggs (dosage during pregnancy is several pieces per week); 
• fish and seafood; 
• vegetables, berries, fresh herbs, fruits and dried fruits; 
• water and still drinks; 
• butter (cream, vegetable), etc.

The daily norm of the first dishes during pregnancy is 200-250 grams. The optimal option in this case will be vegetable soups, cooked on water or low-fat broth with the addition of several potatoes. As additional ingredients in the preparation of soups can be used in small quantities of pasta or cereals. The first dishes are usually filled with low-fat sour cream or cream, as well as fresh chopped greens.

As for the consumption of meat during pregnancy, in this case it is recommended that the future mother be given preference only to low-fat varieties, primarily poultry (chicken or turkey), rabbit, as well as veal and beef. The daily dose of meat dishes is 150 grams. Dietitians advise preparing these dishes for a couple, and bake in the oven, pre-boiling in the water. The optimal dishes for the future mother will be steam puddings and cutlets, meat rolls, meat and vegetable zrazy, as well as knels, meatballs, etc.

Consumption during the period of bearing the child bread and other flour products should be under certain control and be about 100-150 g per day. The future mum should be preferred to dietary salt-free breads, rye bread or bran, and also made from coarse flour, or wheat flour I-II varieties. It is advisable to use bread products of yesterday's baking or slightly dry them immediately before consumption. Among the flour products should not be baked, it is recommended to replace it with a mild cookie or biscuit.

In the diet of the correct nutrition of the future mother should be present whole milk and dairy products. Their daily dose should be 200 grams. However, one should remember the situation when a pregnant woman has an allergic reaction associated with lactose intolerance contained in milk. In this case, the reception of dairy products should be limited or discontinued. Milk can also be added to tea, cereals, vegetable soups; among dairy products, it is preferable to choose low-fat kefir, cream, unsweetened yogurt, curdled milk.

Egg consumption during pregnancy should be limited to 1-2 pcs. In Week. As for the dish of eggs, it is best to stop with steam omelettes, as well as preparing eggs "in a bag" or soft-boiled.

Daily intake of fish, as well as seafood and fish dishes in the period of bearing a child should be about 150 grams. It must be emphasized that a pregnant woman is strictly not recommended to use fatty fish. The best option in this case will be dishes from Navaga, Pike perch, icefish or cod. From these varieties it is possible to cook fish cutlets for steaming, meatballs, steam soufflé, fish rolls with vegetables, kneli, fish puree and other dishes.

Cereals and various pasta (spaghetti, vermicelli, noodles) are best used in the form of additional supplements in soups and only occasionally use them as a side dish, while reducing the consumption of bread.

Consumption of butter during pregnancy should be limited to 15 grams per day (in this case, vegetable oils are recommended to use only as additives to the main dishes).

A pregnant woman should remember the daily intake of drinking water, which is at least 1.5-2 liters. As other drinks you can use unsweetened fruit and berry compotes, weak tea (with the addition of a small amount of milk), decoction of rose hips, as well as puree juices from all sorts of berries and fruits, previously diluted with warm boiled water.

Fresh vegetables, as well as a variety of fruits and berries - are products that must be present in the diet of a pregnant woman constantly. They can be eaten raw, and also used as a basis for cooking other dishes, for example, vegetable or fruit puree, steam souffle, berry pudding, etc. For a future mother, all sorts of vegetables, especially tomatoes, different varieties of cabbage, Bulgarian pepper, cucumbers , melon. Many useful substances are also contained in leaf lettuce, pumpkin, zucchini. It is advisable to eat fresh vegetables (in particular, carrots, earthen pears or kohlrabi) in grated form. Use in dishes radish, beans, green peas, boiled carrots and beets need limited. Fresh greens of dill and parsley, lettuce leaves, and chopped green onions should be mainly used as additional ingredients and seasonings for main dishes. From berries and fruits (including dried fruits), in addition to souffle and puddings, you can prepare unsweetened compotes.

Diet during pregnancy is primarily aimed at using in the diet of the future mother exclusively health-giving products that will satiate the body with the necessary vitamins and nutrients - both herself and the baby being prepared for the birth. Pregnant women should avoid excessive use when cooking dishes of spices and sharp spices. Instead, it is recommended to use finely chopped greens of dill, lettuce and parsley, as well as cinnamon, cloves and bay leaves in small quantities.

A pregnant woman will have to limit the consumption of baked goods and sweets because of the possible risk associated with an excessively rapid increase in body weight. Moderation should be the main principle in rational nutrition for the future mother. The main condition for a proper diet for a future mother is, first of all, the quality of food, its diversity and balance.

A salt-free diet during pregnancy

Diet during pregnancy can be very diverse, but in all cases it is aimed at a rational, balanced diet. Many nutritionists advise pregnant women to limit the use of salt. In this case, they recommend a salt-free diet during pregnancy.

It should be noted that salt itself is an indispensable element for the harmonious work of internal organs and systems, but its overabundance can cause irreparable harm to human health. On average, the daily intake of salt should not exceed 12-15 grams. However, we should remember that we also eat a variety of salt-containing foods (bread, sauces, mayonnaise, meat, canned food, fish, cereals, fresh vegetables), along with which about 10 grams of salt is ingested. Thus, to fully satisfy our body in salt, you need to add up to this amount of only 5-7 grams. Visually it looks like one incomplete teaspoon. Unfortunately, in most cases people "overfulfil" this norm in the use of salt in two to three times, or even more. Such "supernorm" can be extremely dangerous for the body and cause negative consequences in pregnant women, in particular, swelling, gestosis and placental abruption.

A salt-free diet during pregnancy is aimed at completely eliminating the consumption of salt in its pure form, allowing it to enter the body only with other products: bread, vegetables, meat, etc. Among the basic rules of salt-free diet can be noted the following: 

• preferential preparation of food "for a couple"; 
• exclusion from the diet of fried foods, marinades, as well as all kinds of smoking and pickles; 
• restriction in the use of a variety of confectionery products (including cakes, cakes), cereals and pasta.

The consumption of bread with a salt-free diet is reduced to 150-200 g per day. It is recommended to prepare soups on vegetable or low-fat fish broth. It is allowed to use exclusively low-fat varieties of fish and meat. Fruits for pregnant women can be eaten both in raw form and boiled, without special restrictions. In addition, the recommended intake of fresh fruits, berries, as well as eggs, lactic products, butter (10 grams daily), fat-free cottage cheese, tea.

Thus, the sample menu for a salt-free diet for pregnant women can look something like this:

• Breakfast № 1. Manna porridge, tea, cocoa.
• Breakfast № 2. Fresh fruit (orange, apple, banana).
• Dinner. Soup, pasta with a piece of meat, fruit (apple).
• Snack. Biscuits with warm milk.
• Dinner. Potatoes, fish steamed zrazy, dairy products or plain milk.

When observing a salt-free diet, it is also very important to remember the main rule: it is better to nedosolit food than salting it.

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Cottage cheese diet during pregnancy

Diet during pregnancy contains at its core, above all, the care of a woman about a nurturing child. This is the main reason for the correct, balanced nutrition of the future mother. Many dieticians have developed their diets, based on the benefits of individual products, their competent combination and the assimilation of the pregnant woman's body. However, to date, there are disagreements among specialists about certain foods and recommendations for their use by pregnant women. But there are things that do not cause the slightest doubt. For example, the undeniable benefits of taking cheesy foods.

Cottage cheese diet during pregnancy (including dairy products) plays a positive role, primarily due to the rich content of calcium, which is in great need both for the future mother and the baby. This type of diet can still be described as low-calorie, low-fat, low-carbon, high-protein.

In addition to calcium, curd products contain B vitamins and protein. The use of dairy and curd products of low fat content will help maintain a healthy weight. Naturally, this type of diet should be used wisely, without delaying it, because the body of a pregnant woman needs other substances.

The very name of the diet - "curd" - indicates that the main component of the diet is cottage cheese and dairy products (in particular, kefir). However, nutritionists do not recommend staying on this diet for more than a week. This applies to pregnant women who want to save their weight from extra pounds. Use cottage cheese diet should be in a strictly limited time frame.

There are a lot of options for the curd diet menu. So, for one of them, during the day the future mother should eat no more than 350-400 grams of fat-free cottage cheese, adding to it wheat bran. It is recommended to divide the intake of food into 3-4 equal portions. To diversify such a menu, you can add fruit (or dried fruits), honey, to curd. Every day you need to drink 2 cups of ryazhenka or kefir. In addition, other drinks are allowed: decoction of dog rose, green tea, compotes.

It must be remembered that such a diet can be dangerous. In particular, the curd diet is contraindicated if the pregnant woman has problems related to the work of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as liver pathology or renal dysfunction.

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Japanese diet during pregnancy

Diet during pregnancy means a rational, balanced diet, which is one of the main conditions for normal fetal development and a favorable course of pregnancy. Naturally, the organism of the future mother requires much more vitamins and nutrients, as a new life develops within it. Eating a pregnant woman should consist only of fresh food and freshly prepared food. Sucrose is best replaced with glucose, fructose, honey. Food should be as varied as possible, but at the same time balanced.

Many nutritionists believe that a future mother needs to eat small meals up to five times a day. It is this method of nutrition that allows you to improve metabolism and contributes to a stable weight. Greens, fruits and vegetables should be present in the menu of the pregnant woman without fail. In this case, it makes sense to give preference to the Japanese food system, aimed at consuming only natural products that are beneficial to human health.

The Japanese diet during pregnancy assumes a complete exclusion from the diet of a pregnant woman of salt and sugar in their pure form, as well as a variety of confectionery and pasta. In breaks between basic meals it is recommended to drink unlimited quantities of clean water (filtered, mineral or boiled), as needed. Usually the menu of the Japanese diet is calculated for 13 days, but if necessary, can be extended to 13 weeks. For an optimal result, you must adhere to all the recommendations and do not change a certain sequence of eating dishes, tk. All components are selected by specialists very carefully. It must be remembered that all food, according to the Japanese diet, should be prepared without the addition of salt and any seasonings. What foods are allowed with the Japanese diet? First of all, it's all sorts of protein foods: boiled meat, fish, fresh vegetables, eggs, juices. This menu includes a variety of vegetable salads, bread with bran, boiled beef, as well as hard cheese (in small quantities), fresh fruit (except grapes and bananas).

It should be taken into account that the Japanese diet during pregnancy is unbalanced, therefore requires in the period of compliance with the additional adoption of multivitamins. The menu of such a diet implies the use of freshly prepared natural coffee, which is more contraindicated for pregnant women, so before you start using the Japanese diet, you should always consult a dietitian or a doctor.

Apple diet during pregnancy

Diet during pregnancy should be as balanced and correct as possible, so as not to harm the health of the future mother and her baby. The use of different feeding systems must be coordinated by a gynecologist who observes a pregnant woman. This especially applies to those diets that involve the use of unloading days. For example, this is an apple diet, quite common among women who are watching their weight.

Apple diet during pregnancy is recommended for those expectant mothers who, in addition to being overweight, tend to edema, a sharp increase in weight, late gestosis. Accordingly, this diet, you need to consume fruits of exceptionally green color. Usually the reception of green apples is combined with the use of kefir. There are several options for the apple diet menu. One of them is to eat half an apple every hour through the day, washing it with half a cup of kefir. According to the second option, you need to eat about 2 kilograms of apples for one day. In addition to these fruits, eating something else is strictly prohibited. It is worth remembering about the mandatory use of liquid. For this purpose, mineral water and herbal teas are ideal. The third option involves using the most juicy variety of apples in the menu without using liquids. You can bake apples in the oven, but only without adding sugar to them.

Apple diet during pregnancy is allowed only after 30 weeks of pregnancy, that is, at the time when the main organs of the child are already formed. The "pluses" of this diet are not only effective in reducing weight, but also in terms of preventing hypertension and atherosclerosis. In addition, it should be noted that the apple is an extremely useful product containing all the necessary elements and vitamins for the full functioning of the body. However, it is impossible to allow the use of such a mono-diet in a constant mode.

Protasov's Diet in Pregnancy

Diet during pregnancy is, first of all, in the transition to proper nutrition and a change in the way of life of the future mother. In this case, do not bet solely on weight loss. You can not deprive the future child of the necessary nutrients and vitamins for a full intrauterine development and the proper bookmarking of his nervous system and internal organs. If the baby is inadequate for the microelements and vitamins necessary for its development and the likelihood of complications in childbirth is high, and the risk of delay in its growth and development increases. Of course, to apply diets for weight control is a noble thing, but this process must be carried out without detriment to a small creature completely dependent on the mother. In our time, Kima Protasov's diet is very popular among pregnant women, which consists in consuming a large number of fruits, vegetables and a variety of dairy products.

Diet Protasov during pregnancy is designed for 5 weeks. The diet of the future mother should be maximally enriched with useful microelements and vitamins, therefore includes the consumption of vegetables and fruits. This process leads to normalization of metabolic processes in the body, splitting of subcutaneous fat deposits, strengthening of the immune system and effective weight loss. Protasov's diet eliminates debilitating hunger strikes, on the contrary, it allows the reception of "allowed" products in unlimited quantities. This, in turn, eliminates the stress and stress associated with mono-diets. The "plus" of such a system of nutrition for pregnant women, first of all, consists in its not burdensome nature. In addition, observing such a diet, a woman will feel a surge of vitality, energy and vivacity.

Diet Protasova during pregnancy does not dictate any strict restrictions in food. All the "allowed" ingredients are easy to remember. The main thing is that for breakfast, lunch and dinner, the future mother can choose whatever she likes. The main points of the Protasov diet include the following: 

• consumption of a large number of raw vegetables; 
• daily intake of dairy products (cottage cheese, yogurts, cheese) with 5% fat content; 
• obligatory daily use of liquid in an amount not less than 2 liters; 
• avoid overeating, eat at least 5 times a day.

In the first week of the Protasov diet, only raw vegetables should be eaten, as well as yoghurt, cottage cheese and hard cheese. Green tea, non-carbonated mineral water, and a limited amount of natural coffee are allowed. You can eat 1 hard-boiled egg a day.

The second week of Protasov's diet does not differ from the previous one, however, it is necessary to exclude eggs from the diet. On the third week of diet compliance to basic foods, boiled or baked poultry (fish) should be added in the amount of 300 grams per day. It is also recommended to reduce the intake of dairy products, in particular, cheeses and yogurt.

At the stage 4 and 5 weeks of the Protasov diet the pregnant woman will feel lightness in the body, a burst of strength, vigor and energy. During this period, it is important to keep from consuming various sweets, but to give preference to vegetables, apples, yoghurts, eggs, cheese, tea and natural coffee (in limited quantities).

At the sixth week of the diet, it is recommended to adhere to the diet of the 5th week with the gradual introduction of porridges and unsweetened fruits.

Buckwheat diet during pregnancy

Diet during pregnancy involves the use of only those products that are useful for the health of the future mother and the normal development of her baby. Many women prefer the use of mono-diets aimed at rapid fat burning and weight normalization. The very term "mono-diet" indicates that the diet regime is built on the intake of one product. For example, the buckwheat diet, which uses buckwheat as the main food product, is very popular.

Buckwheat diet during pregnancy should be short-term and last on average no more than one or two weeks, because the body of a future mother needs other useful substances for its full functioning. This diet is based on the use of buckwheat porridge along with liquids: kefir, still mineral water, as well as green tea. Supporters of this diet are convinced that it contributes to effective weight loss and cleansing of the human body from harmful substances, including slags. The useful properties of buckwheat diet can be attributed to its simplicity, affordability and long-term saturation. Concerning the combination of "buckwheat plus kefir", the following point should be noted. Buckwheat is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, micro and macro elements, and also contains folic acid and B vitamins. Kefir also contains a number of vitamins, a small amount of carbohydrates and protein, so it blends favorably with buckwheat.

What are the main principles of buckwheat diet? The first rule says that during the entire period of such a food system you need to eat buckwheat porridge, cooked according to a special recipe. Pre-buckwheat groats should be poured with boiling water and leave to infuse for the night. The next day, on the first day of the diet, it is necessary to eat only buckwheat porridge, while washing it with kefir 1% fat (no more than one liter a day), and also in unlimited quantities you can use water and tea. Daily intake of 1-2 fruits, or 150 grams of low-fat yogurt is allowed.

It is necessary to remember other important rules of the buckwheat diet: 

• it is forbidden to add sugar, salt and spices, as well as butter in buckwheat porridge; 
• supper should be at least 4 hours before bedtime, but if the pregnant woman will experience a strong sense of hunger, you can drink a glass of kefir for the night; 
• it is recommended to take multivitamins, both during the buckwheat diet, and for some period after it; 
• you should remember about contraindications, in the presence of which you can not use this type of diet: gastritis, stomach ulcer, recovery stage after the diseases, etc.

A future mother should remember that any mono-diet, including buckwheat, can not be 100% useful, because the use of only one product can not provide the body with all the necessary trace elements and nutrients. Therefore, treat these kinds of diets should be especially careful, paying full attention and regularly consulting with a doctor.

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Diet for weight loss in pregnancy

Diet during pregnancy - is it possible? This question is asked by many women who are literally "intimidated" by doctors' words about the negative consequences of excess weight. There are certain limits to weight gain that are acceptable in the period of gestation, and the exit from them, from a medical point of view, is considered a pathology. This rate is 8-12 kilograms. If a woman is rapidly gaining weight, it is necessary to take measures, because obesity is bad for both the health of the future mother and the prenatal development of the child.

Diet for weight loss during pregnancy does not in any way imply a debilitating fasting for the purpose of rapid weight loss. This is, first of all, a system of rational nutrition, which includes frequent meals in small quantities. With extreme caution during pregnancy, you must treat mono-diets, because they are unbalanced and deprive the body of additional nutrients found in other foods.

Doctors recommend future mothers to control their weight with the help of so-called. "Unloading days", which must be arranged 1-2 times a month. As products for the unloading menu, you can use fresh fruits and berries (apples, oranges, watermelons). However, such a strict diet can not withstand every woman, especially "in position." Therefore, the optimal method for weight control is proper nutrition, which implies the exclusion from the diet of high-calorie foods, or at least their restriction. The future mother in no way should be guided by the traditional "rule", stating that a pregnant woman should eat for two.

Diet for weight loss during pregnancy is, first of all, the exclusion from the diet of salt, fried foods, smoked products, sweets. The nutrition of the expectant mother should not be high-calorie and plentiful, it is best to give preference to a frequent, fractional 5-times diet regime. It is recommended to consume more caloric foods in the morning. It is necessary to increase the consumption of fresh vegetables, as well as meat, eggs, fish, tk. The developing organism of the child needs protein very much. From meat it is best to eat beef, veal or chicken, both baked in the oven, and boiled.

Proper nutrition in conjunction with moderate physical activity and "smart" gymnastics for pregnant women will give good results. It is useful for future mothers to walk, swim in the pool, perform exercises to maintain muscle tone. All these actions contribute to the timely burning of excess calories and safe disposal of excess weight.

Do not get upset if you gain more than 12 kilos for the entire period of bearing a child. By the time of discharge from the hospital, 10 kg will be burnt, and the remaining extra pounds with proper nutrition will go away during the first months after the most important event in your life - the birth of a baby.

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Diet in early pregnancy

Diet during pregnancy in the early stages, as well as in the next two trimester, should be balanced. It is necessary that the nutrition of the future mother includes in the necessary amounts of fats and carbohydrates, as well as proteins, vitamins, beneficial microelements. Thus, the body of a pregnant woman will cope with all the upcoming workload, which is due to the carrying of the baby.

Diet in early pregnancy should consist of 10% of protein foods (meat, fish, eggs, legumes, dairy products), 30% of fats (nuts, butter, milk and dairy products). The remaining 55-60% fall on carbohydrates (pasta, fruit, potatoes, buckwheat, rice, oatmeal).

A future mother should be careful about her nutrition at the time of pregnancy planning. In the first trimester, she should avoid eating semifinished products, as well as foods with "empty" calories and sweets. It should also limit consumption of flour, giving preference to whole grains that have a beneficial effect on the body of a pregnant woman and development of the fetus. This benefit is explained by the maintenance of whole grains of fiber, which helps the intestines cope with its main functions. Thus, the body will fully absorb the nutrients and the timely removal of degradation products.

To avoid a rapid increase in weight, a pregnant woman should not get involved in traditional methods of weight loss. Just enough to resort to the rules of rational nutrition, which includes daily consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits containing a minimum number of calories. One should not take into account the well-known saying that my mother needs to eat for two, it's wrong. The future mum needs to simply control the process of eating and use a fractional food, which guarantees optimal metabolism and stability in the form.

Diet during pregnancy is aimed at controlling the weight of a woman, tk. Excess body weight negatively affects both her health and development of the baby. Therefore, the future mother should completely rethink her way of life, as well as the diet. The components of a successful pregnancy are proper nutrition, the use of sufficient amounts of clean water, moderate activity and a positive attitude.

[12], [13]

Diet during pregnancy in 1 trimester

Diet during pregnancy involves the inclusion in the menu of the future mother of foods rich in nutrients, micronutrients and various vitamins. However, it is right and steady to eat a woman before the onset of conception. In particular, do not take alcoholic beverages or any medications without consulting your physician in advance, be aware of the symptoms of early toxicosis and ways to overcome it, and carefully revise your diet to avoid harmful and too-high-calorie foods.

I trimester of pregnancy is characterized by frequent manifestations of toxicosis in a future mother. The main rule of nutrition of a pregnant woman at the first signs of an early toxicosis should be the following: it is necessary that the food is not too hot and delivers to the future mother a pleasure. To eat a pregnant woman is recommended little by little and often (at least 5 times a day).

Diet in pregnancy 1 trimester includes a varied diet. If the pregnant woman wanted a salted (pickled cucumber, sauerkraut, a withered apple, a piece of herring), this is not bad, because such products excite appetite. It is necessary daily to lean on fresh fruit vegetables, but "wisely" without overeating. Without fail it is necessary to eat meat and fish in a boiled form, t. The baby's body needs amino acids, which are usually found in animal proteins. You need to eat and dairy products, because they contain calcium - an element useful for both mom and her baby. Such products as hard cheese curd will help out if the pregnant woman does not like whole milk.

When choosing dishes and food, it is recommended not to give preference to smoked products, as well as canned products, fried foods, coffee, semi-finished products. Nutritionists advise the future mother to consume mineral water, freshly squeezed juice, compote, fruit juice and other drinks, as well. In the body of a future mother, the need for a liquid increases. In order to avoid problems with intestinal work, it is recommended that a pregnant woman enter beets, prunes, and drink an empty glass of purified cold water on an empty stomach, and kefir at night.

It should be remembered that the bulk of vitamins useful to the human body comes from outside, along with food or drugstore complexes. To the future mother is very useful in the early stages of pregnancy vitamin C, which improves the state of immunity of a pregnant woman, fights with the manifestations of early toxicosis, and also strengthens the heart of the fetus.

Folic acid, zinc, selenium and copper contribute to the prevention of various congenital malformations in the fetus, including the risk of incorrect formation of the spinal cord and spine.

Magnesium, as well as vitamins E and B6, effectively affect the reproductive function of the female body, thereby reducing the possibility of a threat of miscarriage, which is especially pronounced in the first trimester, at 9-12 weeks of pregnancy.

Vitamins of group B, deficiency of which can lead to various vices in the development of the baby and manifestations of early toxicosis in the pregnant woman, are also vitally important.

Very important role played by vitamin PP, which provides future mother and her baby with cellular respiration. Cobalt and iodine are microelements that take part in the development of the baby's thyroid gland on the 11th to 12th week, and also help a woman to fight signs of early toxicosis, preventing attacks of indomitable vomiting.

[14],

Diet in pregnancy in the 2nd trimester

Diet during pregnancy is aimed at choosing a special diet that includes the use of extremely useful products needed for the body of a future mother and the correct intrauterine development of her baby. In order to know what is possible and what can not be eaten during pregnancy, it is necessary to consult a dietitian who will choose the optimal nutrition system in a particular case. It is necessary to remember the peculiarities of the diet at different stages of bearing a child.

Diet in pregnancy 2 trimester includes compliance with the following dietary rules: 

• Limited consumption of liquid and salty foods in any form. Excessive enthusiasm for these products prevents the absorption of iron into the blood - the most important element that plays an important role in the process of normal intrauterine development of the fetus. 
• Introduction in the diet of a future mother of low-fat meat in baked, boiled, or stewed, as well as low-fat varieties of fish and other foods containing protein: dairy products, eggs, cottage cheese. 
• The use of freshly prepared vegetable and fruit salads without dressings (as "light" snacks), as well as apple juice with celery, which contains a very useful element for the female body - folic acid. It plays an important role in the process of formation and development of the child's nervous and circulatory system. 
• The use of products that contain iron as much as possible, such as liver, apples, tomato juice, buckwheat porridge. 
• The maximum limited intake of sweets, pasta and flour products for optimal weight control. 
• Introduction to the diet of a pregnant woman broth of wild rose - a source of vitamin C, acting as an element vital for the development of the placenta, as well as the regular use of foods containing vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus, sources of which are cottage cheese, dairy and fish products. 
• The intake of vitamin A, especially during the second trimester of pregnancy. It has a beneficial effect on the fetal genetic system and well stimulates genes that are responsible for the growth of the baby, the development of its bone tissue, skin, as well as the eyes (in particular, the retina) and mucous membranes. The sources of vitamin A are such products as egg yolks, parsley greens, carrots, spinach, pumpkin, apricots and butter.

Diet in pregnancy 2 trimester should be as balanced and carefully thought out, so that the future mother did not have health problems, and also lose weight, the problem of which is very relevant in our time and worries many women.

[15], [16]

Diet during pregnancy in the 3rd trimester

Diet during pregnancy is of great importance for normal bearing of a child and prevention of excess weight in a woman. In addition, balanced nutrition has a beneficial effect on the general condition of the future mother's body, the work of the intestines, and immunity. To know how to eat right in such a critical period in the life of every woman, like pregnancy, you need to understand what problems can arise at this or that stage of bearing a child.

In the third trimester, pregnant women often have problems associated with increased uterine growth. This organ starts to press on the stomach, and progesterone (the so-called "pregnancy hormone") helps to reduce the tone of its smooth muscles, including the esophageal sphincter, which causes painful attacks of heartburn. Another, not less actual problem at the stage of the second half of pregnancy is gestosis. This illness manifests itself in the form of an increase in a pregnant woman's blood pressure, the development of edema, and impaired renal function. Many symptoms of gestosis are due to micronutrient deficiency and unbalanced nutrition. Therefore, a diet during pregnancy of the 3rd trimester plays a special role for the expectant mother. The child's body is constantly evolving, his needs are constantly increasing, the body is gaining mass, and from here - the emergence of all sorts of health problems for my mother.

Rational diet in the final period of pregnancy is the observance of simple, but at the same time very important rules and advice. In the nutrition of the future mother, it is necessary to make some adjustments, even if in general, her state of health is normal.

Doctors recommend that women at this stage limit the intake of salt, as well as completely exclude from the diet pickles, smoked products, canned foods, spicy, fatty, fried foods, spices and sweets in the form of chocolate, cakes, sweets. It is necessary to abandon citrus, as well as peanuts and sour dishes.

On the contrary, meat during this period of bearing a child to a pregnant woman is simply necessary, as well as nonfat fish, which contains iodine and a large number of polyunsaturated fatty acids useful to the body. Do not limit yourself to eating, but it is best to eat low-calorie foods that are rich in fiber. They stimulate the work of the intestines and prevent the occurrence of constipation. These are products and dishes: vegetable salads, porridges, steamed burgers, ragout, curdled milk, dried fruits (best in steamed form), fermented baked milk, kefir, and also raw carrots, prunes, figs.

At the final stage of pregnancy, women are not recommended to consume more than 2 liters of liquid per day (including juices, soups, dairy products). When observing edema, it is necessary to reduce water consumption to 1 liter.

To prevent heartburn, expectant mothers are recommended to eat small portions, at least five to six times a day. Very healthy for women are foods with pronounced alkaline properties, which are called "food antacids": poultry, soft-boiled eggs, cream, cottage cheese, sour cream, and fish, slightly dried bread. Vegetables are best used in boiled form, and if heartburn does not pass, it is recommended to wipe them or prepare mashed potatoes. Fruits in this case it is better to bake.

Diet during pregnancy, the trimester should include the intake of micronutrients: vitamins C, D, E and K, as well as calcium, iron, iodine.

Calcium is necessary for the development of the child's bone tissue, iron prevents the baby's cells and tissues from oxygen starvation, and also helps reduce the woman's blood loss during childbirth. Vitamin C makes blood vessels stronger, and E - prevents the threat of premature birth and takes part in the development of the lungs of the child. It should be remembered that excessive enthusiasm for vitamins is fraught with negative consequences. In all the need for a measure and timely consultation with a doctor.

[17], [18], [19]

Diet at 8 months of pregnancy

Diet during pregnancy should be aimed at preventing excess weight in a woman and consist of foods that are most beneficial to her body. In recent months, it is especially important to take this issue into account, because quite often in expectant mothers there is a late toxicosis. It is mainly caused by malnutrition. If the symptoms of late toxicosis are increasingly worried about a pregnant woman, she needs to contact her gynecologist as soon as possible in order to take timely measures to suppress unpleasant sensations.

Diet for 8 months of pregnancy involves the exclusion from the diet of a woman of flour products, sweets, fatty foods. In this period, food of animal origin will be unfavorable.

Often, late toxicosis is associated with such a problem as the accumulation of excess fluid in the tissues, which causes the onset of edema. They have a negative effect on the fetal blood supply. As a result, the child begins to lose oxygen and important nutrients necessary for the final stage of its development. Because of these problems, a pregnant woman may experience a heaviness in the stomach, a malaise, in particular, her blood pressure may rise. When observing such symptoms, you should definitely consult a doctor, but in no case should you take measures to reduce pressure yourself.

The diet in the last months of pregnancy should include useful nutritional supplements containing minerals and vitamins. Vitamin preparations for a pregnant woman should be prescribed by a doctor.

At this stage of bearing a baby, you need to take care of sufficient intake of the future mother of iron in the body. This vital element stimulates the blood circulation of the mother and her baby, while maintaining the correct composition of blood. Foods rich in iron: spinach, dill and parsley, apples, cabbage, liver, beef.

A pregnant woman needs to maintain her body with such important vitamins as vitamin E, C, A, B1 and B2. The body of the mother and child also needs folic acid and calcium. Vitamin E is found in vegetable oil. It helps a woman to get rid of unpleasant symptoms of late toxicosis, prevents premature birth, and also stimulates the processes of intrauterine development of the child.

Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits, as well as tomatoes, lettuce leaves, sweet pepper, black currant, rose hips. It is advisable to eat foods that contain vitamin C, after a short cooking or in raw form.

Vitamins В1, В2 well stimulate the work of muscles, which, in turn, contributes to the improvement of future labor. These elements are found in cereals, yeast, hard cheese, eggs, dairy products, beans, liver.

A pregnant woman should see to it that there is a fish on her table. It contains phosphorus, which promotes better absorption of calcium in the body. Folic acid contains vegetables and fruits that have a yellow color: carrots, peaches, apricots, sweet peppers, dried apricots. This element plays an important role in the development of the child's brain.

To prevent heartburn in the last months of pregnancy, future moms are advised to follow the following rules and advice. 

• Fractional power. It is necessary to eat in small portions and often. Thus, the gastric juice will not "eat away" the gastric mucosa. 
• Eliminate fried, fatty, smoked foods, and do not drink coffee and strong tea. 
• Eat slowly, thoroughly chewing every piece of food. This prevents swallowing of air along with food that can cause heartburn or bloating. 
• After eating, do not go to bed immediately. It is necessary to take care of that the stomach at this time was in a tonus and fully worked. 
• Proper distribution of food. In the morning, it is best to eat meat, cereals, fish, and in the second - milk and vegetable food. In no case should you take "heavy" food at night - this can cause heartburn, poor health, insomnia.

[20]

Diet at 9 months of pregnancy

Diet during pregnancy at the last, ninth month should consist of a full-fledged diet. The total weight gain of the future mother by medical parameters should not exceed 12 kg. Sometimes the norm is allowed up to 15 kg, but if the figure exceeds this figure, you can talk about a problem like overweight.

The diet for 9 months of pregnancy includes the intake of foods saturated with all necessary mineral substances, microelements and vitamins. In this critical period, it is impossible to tolerate overeating, because the excess weight of a woman can provoke severe childbirth and various postpartum complications. Yes, and the state of the newborn is largely due to the diet, which was held by the mother in the last month. For example, the development of the baby's brain is adversely affected by low-calorie food, as well as a lack of nutrients in food, which the mother took in the last months of pregnancy. Lack of folic acid, in turn, can provoke curvature of the spine in the baby.

The increased nutrition of the expectant mother at the 9th month includes, first of all, the consumption of more vegetables, fresh fruits and berries, as well as low-fat meat and fish products. If a woman adheres to all the rules of healthy eating, then such ailments, as cramps, constipation, nausea, heartburn, will less often disturb her. It must be remembered that fasting the mother leads to a child's intrauterine starvation. After all, the fruit gets food even at a time when a pregnant woman does not eat. Regular nutrition is necessary for a child, like oxygen, so future mothers should monitor the diet and not miss a single meal.

In the last month, it is recommended that pregnant women consume a sufficient amount of useful fiber, which is mostly found in vegetables, dried beans, potatoes (especially "in uniforms"), green peas, and fresh fruits. Useful properties of fiber are that it prevents the development of diabetes in pregnant women.

Instead of fatty and fried foods at this stage, you need to choose low-fat foods (chicken meat, fish, dairy products). Food is best cooked for a couple, or bake dishes in the oven. It is important to give preference to high-calorie, nutritious food that could saturate the body without harm in the form of extra pounds. These are dried vegetables, avocados, nuts, dried apricots, raisins, prunes.

It is important for a pregnant woman to take into account that the use of sweets will not bring any benefit; these are "empty" calories, besides, they often provoke the development of caries, heart diseases, diabetes mellitus. Instead of sugar in its "pure" form is best to eat fruits, as well as fruit and vegetable juices.

As an exception, it should be noted that cases when a pregnant woman needs an increased number of calories with a serious shortage of body weight. Accordingly, to reduce the consumption of high-calorie food is necessary in the case when the pregnant woman is overweight. In a good diet, too young girls need because of the growth of their body. Women who are pregnant with twins or twins also need to add about 300 calories per baby.

Diet during pregnancy does not make sense if a woman takes drugs, alcohol, tobacco, medicines. Such extremely negative factors in most cases lead to irreparable consequences. Therefore, before planning a pregnancy, you need to reconsider your lifestyle and abandon bad habits.

[21], [22]