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Xerophthalmia
Medical expert of the article
Last reviewed: 07.07.2025
Xerophthalmia (xerotic keratitis, keratomalacia) is a degeneration of the cornea caused by nutritional deficiency.
Xerophthalmia is usually caused by vitamin A deficiency and insufficient protein nutrition. It is characterized by a cloudy, dry cornea, and de-epithelialization. Corneal ulceration with secondary infection often occurs. The lacrimal glands and conjunctiva are also affected. The lack of tears causes excessive dryness of the eyes and a foamy discharge appearing on the temporal side and often the nasal conjunctiva of the eyeball (Bitot spots). Night blindness may occur.