All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
Volatile nitrites: addiction, symptoms and treatment
Medical expert of the article
Last reviewed: 07.07.2025
Nitrites (such as amyl, butyl, isobutyl, sold as Locker Room and Rush) may be inhaled to enhance sexual pleasure. Use is particularly common among urban homosexual men. There is little evidence of significant harm, although nitrites and nitrates cause vasodilation with transient hypotension, dizziness, flushing, and subsequent reflex tachycardia. However, these drugs are dangerous when combined with drugs used to enhance erection; the combination can result in severe hypotension and death.
Volatile solvents
Inhalation of volatile inhalant solvents and solvents from aerosol cans may cause a state of intoxication. Chronic use may lead to neuropathy and hepatotoxicity.
Inhalation of volatile solvents continues to be an endemic problem among adolescents. About 10% of adolescents in the United States periodically inhale volatile solvents. Volatile solvents (such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, acetates, ether, chloroform, and alcohol) cause temporary stimulation and then depression of the central nervous system. With frequent use, partial tolerance and psychological dependence develop, but withdrawal syndrome is not observed. Acute symptoms such as dizziness, drowsiness, slurred speech, and unsteady gait appear early. Impulsivity, agitation, and irritability may occur. As the effect on the central nervous system increases, illusions, hallucinations, and delirium develop. The patient experiences a euphoric, dreamy state of drug intoxication, culminating in a short period of sleep. Delirium with confusion, motor awkwardness, emotional lability, and impaired thinking develop. The state of intoxication can last from several minutes to 1 hour or more.
Complications of chronic use may result from the use of solvent or other toxic ingredients, such as lead in gasoline. Carbon tetrachloride can cause liver and kidney failure syndromes. Long-term use or hypersensitivity can result in damage to the brain, liver, kidneys, and bone marrow. Death most often occurs due to respiratory failure, arrhythmia, or asphyxia due to airway occlusion.
Treating adolescents who are addicted to inhalants is difficult, and relapses are common. However, most patients stop using by the end of adolescence. Attempts to improve the patient's social skills and improve his or her position in the family, school, and community may help.