All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
Technique of scanning the inferior vena cava
Medical expert of the article
Last reviewed: 19.10.2021
The study is usually conducted with a breathing delay in the patient with deep inspiration or with quiet breathing. Breathing should be delayed for any suspected pathology.
Longitudinal and transverse sections are usually carried out. When shielding the body with intestinal gases, oblique or lateral sections are made. In some cases, the study is performed when the patient is standing.
In longitudinal sections, the length and diameter of the inferior vena cava is determined, which is visualized as a tubular fluid containing structures to the right of the aorta. In the cross sections, the diameter of the vessel is determined at different levels.
Start the study by placing the sensor on the top of the abdomen (under the xiphoid process). Tilt the sensor to the right until the lower hollow vein to the right of the spine is visualized.
If the breathing is delayed by the patient at deep inspiration, the lower hollow vein expands and is more clearly visible. Then re-examine the inferior vena cava with active breathing: the vessel wall is thin, smooth and less echogenic than near the adjacent aorta. The lower hollow vein looks very contrasting compared to the surrounding tissues.