Acetone breath odor

There are a large number of internal organ diseases and pathologies that can provoke acetone halitosis in adults and children.

An intense smell of acetone indicates aggressive pathological processes occurring in the body. The cause is a significant increase in the level of ketone bodies in the systemic bloodstream, which occurs as a response to a stressful situation for the body (provoking food factors, an increase in body temperature to high numbers), when the process of complete breakdown of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates is disrupted. Ketones or ketone compounds are intermediate products of lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, consisting of a combination of acetone (propanone), acetoacetic acid (acetoacetate) and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (beta-hydroxybutyrate). With further breakdown, they serve as additional sources of energy. They are formed during oxidative transformations in the liver and lipid tissue.

The presence of ketone compounds in the systemic bloodstream is considered normal for the body. Safe levels of ketones do not cause the appearance of pathological acetone odor from the mouth and disruption of general well-being.

An unbalanced diet consisting mainly of lipids and proteins contributes to the excessive accumulation of ketone compounds. This leads to intoxication of the body with undigested metabolic products and provokes a shift in the acid-base balance of the body towards increased acidity, which manifests itself as acetonemic syndrome and acidosis. The conditions arise due to enzymatic scarcity and the inability of the gastrointestinal tract to break down lipids to the required level. As a result, pathological growth of ketones occurs. Having reached critical levels, acetone and its derivatives have a negative effect on the body.

Causes acetone breath odor

The main causes of acetone halitosis are:

• stressful conditions;
• diabetes;
• food and toxic poisoning;
• lack of sufficient carbohydrates in the diet;
• prolonged fasting;
• renal failure;
• congenital deficiency of digestive enzymes.
• significant increases in body temperature in infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Risk factors

The following are considered to be factors that provoke the appearance of acetone odor from the mouth:

• bacterial infections (especially purulent-inflammatory) with a rise in body temperature to high numbers,
• cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction, stroke),
• inflammation of the pancreas,
• kidney pathologies,
• problems with the thyroid gland,
• alcohol abuse,
• enzymatic and nutritional imbalance.

[ 1 ]

Symptoms acetone breath odor

The symptoms depend on the level of accumulated acetone compounds in the body. In mild form - weakness, anxiety, nausea. Urine analysis confirms ketonuria.

Symptoms of a moderate condition include the following: dry, coated tongue, increased thirst, severe acetone halitosis, frequent shallow breathing, abdominal pain without clear localization, dry skin, chills, nausea, and confusion may be noted. Ketone compounds increase in urine.

The severe state of acetonemic crisis is identical to diabetic coma, in which the symptoms are the same as in a moderate state with the possible lapse of the patient into an unconscious state.

The diagnosis of ketoacidosis is based on clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. Blood serum tests show hyperketonemia (up to 16-20 mmol/l with a norm of 0.03-0.2 mmol/l) and the presence of high levels of acetone in the urine.

Acetone smell from the mouth of an adult

The causes of acetone breath in children and adults are identical. The distinctive features are in the provoking factors. Acetone halitosis in adults is mostly observed with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. A sharp acetone breath in adult patients is often associated with neurological disorders, anorexia, thyroid and parathyroid pathologies, tumor tissue growth and diets (especially those associated with prolonged therapeutic fasting).

An adult has the potential to adapt to unfavorable living conditions. Long-term accumulation and long-term high level of ketone compounds in the systemic bloodstream leads to the exhaustion of compensatory capabilities and active manifestation of symptoms of a latent disease, accompanied by the smell of acetone from the mouth.

Acetone smell from mouth after alcohol

With prolonged and frequent use of alcoholic beverages, the smell of acetone may appear. The reason is that when alcohol is broken down by liver enzymes, the alcohol toxin acetaldehyde is released through the lungs, which is felt by others as the smell of acetone from the mouth.

It indicates a sharp shift in the acid-base balance to the acidic side (acidosis). A decrease in the liver's resistance to alcohol provokes the appearance of an acetone smell from the mouth due to the consumption of drinks containing alcohol.

The smell of acetone and urine from the mouth

In nephropathy and the development of renal failure, the smell of acetone is accompanied by an ammonia smell from the mouth. The kidneys remove toxins and waste products from the body. When the renal filtration function is impaired, the efficiency of the process of evacuating harmful substances decreases and they accumulate. One of its signs is an ammonia smell, which is similar to acetone. They are often confused. To determine kidney pathologies when ammonia or acetone halitosis occurs, you should consult a urologist or nephrologist.

Acetone smell from the mouth as a symptom of the disease

The smell of acetone may be a symptom of a serious illness

Diabetes mellitus is the most common disease that causes the smell of acetone.

Type I diabetes is caused by pathologies associated with the function of the pancreas. There is a sharp decrease or cessation of insulin synthesis, which is responsible for the flow of glucose (the main source of energy) into the body's cells. Insulin has the ability to deliver broken down sugars through cell membranes, ensuring the maintenance of a stable level of glucose in the bloodstream. In type II diabetes, the insulin hormone is generated in full, but the cells do not perceive the delivered glucose. Due to this, an excess amount of glucose and a large amount of insulin accumulate in the bloodstream. In the presence of excess hormone, receptors inform the brain about the need to eat. A false need for food appears, the consequence of which will be obesity. Excess glucose levels, reaching critical values, lead to hyperglycemic coma.

Acidosis and ketonemia are typical for diabetes, especially in childhood. The norm of ketones in the systemic bloodstream is considered to be 5-12 mg%, if the patient has diabetes mellitus, the percentage of acetone bodies increases to 50-80 mg%, as a result of which an acetone smell is felt from the mouth. A high content of ketones is found in urine.

In hyperglycemic coma, an acetone odor occurs. The severity of the patient's general condition increases gradually. At the beginning of the attack - tachycardia, constriction of the pupils, pale and dry skin, possible occurrence of gastralgia.

The appearance of symptoms of diabetic coma and their worsening is a reason to call an ambulance, and then treatment in a hospital setting.

The exhaled air will smell of acetone if the patient has problems with the kidneys, since the breakdown products of food substances are not excreted in the urine.

The acetone smell is the first sign of nephrosis or kidney dystrophy caused by destruction in the renal tubules and disruption of filtration and excretion functions. These diseases are characterized by metabolic pathologies related to the disorder of excretion of lipid breakdown metabolites from the body, leading to accumulation of ketones in the blood. Nephrosis can be a companion of chronic infections (tuberculosis, rheumatism).

Another disease that contributes to the development of acetone halitosis is hyperthyroidism. This is a pathology of the thyroid gland, accompanied by a persistent increase in the level of synthesis of thyroid hormones and leading to an increase in metabolic processes with the effects of the formation and accumulation of ketone compounds.

An increase in acetone-containing compounds occurs during a long period of therapeutic fasting, irrational nutrition (monotonous and unbalanced).

Acetone breath may occur in people who follow a strict diet and who like frequent periods of fasting. Diets that use a reduction in caloric intake by refusing carbohydrates and fats can cause metabolic disorders and, if used uncontrollably, lead to negative, irreversible consequences. It is useless to use mouth fresheners or chewing gum to get rid of the smell of acetone. First, it is necessary to establish and eliminate the cause that led to its appearance.

Acetone breath in type 2 diabetes

Type II diabetes deserves special attention. It occurs with rapid obesity (80-90% of patients). Cell walls thicken significantly, membrane permeability for sugar breakdown products is impaired due to loss of sensitivity to insulin, the main conductor of glucose into the body's cells. As a result, an acetone odor appears. It is possible to stabilize and restrain the progress of the disease by using a special therapeutic diet that allows you to effectively get rid of excess body weight. Adding foods with a low content of easily digestible carbohydrates to your diet helps reduce critical acetone levels in the body.

The smell of acetone from the mouth during a coma

Differential diagnosis of comatose states is difficult if the events preceding the coma are not known or if the patient has a history of a diagnosis with a possible comatose complication. Almost all cases involve the smell of acetone from the mouth and/or its presence in the urine.

Alcohol coma. Occurs with frequent and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages. Small doses of alcohol can also cause a coma if a person has absolute intolerance to ethyl. Alcohol overdose and coma can be fatal if detoxification therapy is not started in time. Objectively, in a deep alcoholic coma, there is a lack of consciousness, fading reflexes, a threadlike pulse, a drop in blood pressure to critically low numbers. The skin of the face takes on a pale bluish tint, the body is covered in cold, sticky sweat. A sharp smell of alcohol and acetone is felt from the mouth, alcohol and acetone are detected in the blood and urine. Alcohol coma can also occur as a result of drinking methyl (technical) alcohol. The frequency of fatal outcomes is much higher than with ethyl alcohol. Therapeutic measures of detoxification therapy are carried out in specialized departments.

Uremic coma. Chronic uremic coma is a condition that is considered the terminal stage of chronic renal failure, which occurs against the background of glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, arteriolosclerotic shrunken kidney. Manifestations and severity worsen over a long period of time. Lethargy, weakness, thirst gradually increase, a pronounced smell of ammonia and acetone from the mouth, hoarseness, nausea, vomiting, lethargy appear. As a result of intoxication, the respiratory center suffers and pathological breathing of the Cheyne-Stokes or Kussmaul type appears.

Blood tests show increasing levels of creatinine, urea, residual nitrogen, and progressing acidosis. Inhibition gives way to confusion, then patients become unconscious and die.

Blood tests confirm a high degree of metabolic acidosis, a progressive increase in creatinine, uric acid, and residual nitrogen.

One of the components of complex therapy for uremia is the use of hemodialysis.

Hepatic coma is a symptom complex of severe liver damage. It progresses with suppression of the central nervous system functions and is complicated by a comatose state. Coma can develop gradually or quickly. It occurs with acute toxic dystrophic liver damage, after extensive necrotic processes or as a result of cirrhotic changes in the liver in viral hepatitis. It is accompanied by increasing inhibition, disorientation, drowsiness, confusion, a characteristic liver odor from the mouth, yellowness of the skin. With further deterioration of the condition, there is a loss of consciousness, the appearance of pathological reflexes and the death of the patient.

Blood tests show low levels of total protein and albumin, elevated bile acid levels, increased bilirubin, increased activity of specific liver enzymes, and decreased blood clotting and cholesterol levels.

Acetone smell from the mouth at a temperature

A temperature reaction occurs when heat production exceeds heat transfer under the influence of pyrogens. Increased heat production occurs due to increased metabolic processes, when chemical reactions with heat release occur in the body. Almost the entire potential of glucose and a large percentage of brown fat participate in these reactions. Increased transformations of fatty compounds lead to underoxidation of lipids with the formation of ketone bodies. Excess acetone compounds can cause nausea and vomiting. Ketones that the kidneys cannot remove begin to be excreted through the lungs, which leads to the appearance of the smell of acetone. During illness with fever, doctors recommend drinking plenty of fluids. When recovering from an acute respiratory viral infection or other infection, or the cessation of hyperthermia, the smell of acetone from the mouth stops. If halitosis is noticeable, despite the drinking regimen, this is an alarming factor and a reason to seek medical advice.

Acetone smell from the mouth during migraine

With acetonemic crisis and migraine, similar symptoms are observed: dizziness, nausea, vomiting attacks, heavy sweating. The smell of acetone from the mouth with migraine is usually absent. The results of determining ketone bodies in urine will also be negative. If migraine is a concomitant symptom of any disease causing acetone halitosis, then therapy for the underlying pathology is required. It is necessary to undergo certain types of research: biochemical blood test, determination of the presence of ketone bodies in urine, ultrasound of abdominal organs. Another list of studies is possible, which will be determined by the doctor. At home, it is possible to determine acetone compounds in urine using test strips.

Acetone smell from mouth when fasting

Among the factors that provoke acetone halitosis, mono-diets and therapeutic fasting should be noted. In the absence of food, the brain transmits impulses that activate an increase in glucose levels in the systemic bloodstream due to some organic glycogen reserves in the liver. The body manages to maintain glucose levels at a physiological level for some time. The supply of complex carbohydrate glycogen is limited. Then the body has to actively use alternative sources of nutrition and energy, which are components of adipose tissue. When lipid organic compounds break down, cells use the released energy and combinations of nutrients. Active transformation of fats occurs with the formation of acetone-containing compounds. Increased levels of lipid metabolites have a toxic effect on the body. Their accumulation leads to the appearance of an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity and is an attempt by the body to get rid of toxins through the lungs. With prolonged fasting, halitosis becomes more pronounced. Thoughtless use of diets can lead to unpredictable negative results.

Acetone smell from a child's mouth

Imperfection and formation of many organs and systems lead to the occurrence of frequent failures in reactions of transformation of nutrients and metabolic processes. The tendency to manifestation of symptoms of acetonemic crisis is observed in children under five years of age. There are primary and secondary types of acetonemia.

The primary type of acetonemic crisis is caused by errors in diet, nutritional imbalance, periods of hunger. The second type is caused by the presence of a somatic disease, infectious pathologies, endocrine disorder or tumor process. In the child's body, ketone compounds accumulate faster and have a pronounced toxic effect. The symptoms of crises of the first and second types are the same: acetone halitosis, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache, the presence of increased levels of ketone bodies in the blood, the appearance of acetone in the urine. The child may have a genetic predisposition to acetonemia.

The following factors can trigger the manifestations of an acetone crisis in a child: physical overwork, severe nervous shock, mental overexcitement, and a change in climatic conditions.

Adequate treatment is prescribed by a doctor after a medical examination, laboratory diagnostics and an accurate diagnosis.

Acetone smell from the mouth of a newborn

A newborn is considered a child from the moment of birth until the 28th day of life. The presence of the smell of acetone indicates a violation of carbohydrate (energy) metabolism. In case of a persistent acetone smell and constant anxiety of the baby, the help of a pediatrician is necessary. At home, independently, you can check for ketone compounds in the urine of a newborn using test strips. This is difficult due to the problematic collection, especially in girls, of the analyzed material, but it is possible.

The smell of acetone that appears after an illness with high temperature indicates an exhausted reserve of glucose, which participates in pyrogenic reactions. Children have much less glycogen in the liver than adults, and it is exhausted faster.

The smell of acetone may appear if the child is bottle-fed due to imperfections in the digestive system and enzymatic deficiency.

In case of hidden kidney problems, acetone appears due to insufficient removal of metabolic products. Failure to comply with the drinking regime or overheating of the newborn, an acetone smell may also appear. In case of vomiting and the smell of acetone increases, an urgent consultation with doctors is necessary.

Vomiting in a child and the smell of acetone from the mouth

Excessive accumulation of ketones, their toxic effect on all systems and irritation of the vomiting center in the central nervous system leads to persistent acetonemic vomiting. A decrease in glucose levels (hypoglycemia) is recorded in the blood.

The typical clinical picture of acetonemic vomiting: repeated attacks of vomiting that lead to significant weakness, metabolic decompensation and acute dehydration. The phenomenon is common among children aged 18 months to 5 years. Vomiting is preceded by significant increases in acetonemia levels and the appearance of acetonuria. When ketone compounds reach critical levels in the blood, a characteristic smell of acetone is felt from the mouth and uncontrollable vomiting occurs. The most common factors that provoke acetonemic vomiting are:

• Infections - viral and bacterial, accompanied by the intake of small amounts of fluid during fever;
• Too long breaks between meals;
• A diet unbalanced in protein, fat and carbohydrate composition;
• Psychosomatic disorders.

The condition requires immediate inpatient treatment, as it can lead to persistent metabolic disorders, shifts in acid-base and water-electrolyte balances, leading to consequences that are dangerous to the child’s health and life.

Acetone smell from a teenager's mouth

By adolescence, the functional formation of many organs and systems is almost complete. Therefore, the smell of acetone from the mouth of a teenager can be a sign of pathological disorders of metabolic processes in the body. Acetone halitosis can mean that there are certain health problems and they cannot be taken lightly. The presence of acetone odor from the mouth can be evidence of:

• the initial stage of diabetes mellitus, which has not reached obvious clinical manifestations;
• errors in diet;
• pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the kidneys, thyroid, parathyroid and pancreas glands;
• dysfunctions in work, acute and chronic liver diseases;
• acute and chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Diagnostics acetone breath odor

For an accurate diagnosis of the cause of acetonemic halitosis, it is important for the doctor to accurately collect anamnesis. Laboratory tests and ultrasound diagnostics are prescribed. The need and list of diagnostic procedures are determined by the doctor. After they are carried out, the specialist will be able to determine what led to the formation of acetone odor from the mouth.

[ 2 ]

Tests

If there is an acetone smell from the mouth, the following laboratory diagnostic procedures are usually prescribed:

• detailed biochemical blood test (total protein, protein fractions, maltase, pancreatic amylase, lipase, total cholesterol, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, etc.);
• complete blood count;
• determine blood glucose;
• if necessary, hormone levels are diagnosed;
• general urine analysis (ketone bodies, glucose, protein and sediment microscopy);
• coprogram (to determine the enzymatic activity of the pancreas and liver).

Based on clinical manifestations, additional laboratory tests may be recommended by a specialist.

[ 3 ], [ 4 ]

Instrumental diagnostics

Along with laboratory tests, ultrasound examinations of the abdominal organs, kidneys, and thyroid gland are prescribed.

Differential diagnosis

The smell of acetone from the mouth is not an independent separate nosological unit, but is part of the symptom complex of many diseases. It can appear both in serious diseases associated with a violation of the mechanism of metabolic processes, and in banal errors in the diet. A specialist must carefully study the anamnesis and research results in order to establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment for the condition. In each individual case, differentiation of conditions is necessary using laboratory and instrumental research methods. The tactics and success of treatment depend on the correct diagnosis.

Treatment acetone breath odor

Acetone halitosis is not an independent disease. Treatment consists of correcting the underlying pathology that caused the smell of acetone from the mouth. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - lifelong insulin administration is prescribed in a strictly defined dosage. Type 2 diabetes - taking drugs that reduce the concentration of glucose in the blood.

A special situation is acetonemic syndrome in a child. It begins with attacks of nausea and vomiting, leading to serious disturbances in the water-electrolyte balance and a catastrophic decrease in glucose levels. Therapy is based on replenishing the child's body's need for glucose and restoring the water-electrolyte balance. Drinking sweet tea or dried fruit infusion is recommended. Aqueous solutions of drugs that help restore water-electrolyte balance are recommended: rehydron, humana-electrolyte.

Regidron. The packet is diluted in 1 liter of warm water and taken 5-10 ml/1 kg of the patient's body weight for 1 hour or after each vomiting attack. No side effects are observed when using a therapeutic dose.

There is a certain rule that can be followed to replenish the volume of fluid and electrolytes in a child’s body during nausea and vomiting: you need to drink in small portions (5-15 ml), but every 10-15 minutes.

If the child's vomiting has become uncontrollable, the general health has worsened (lethargy, weakness, apathy have worsened), abdominal pain without a clear localization may appear, then a specialist consultation is necessary on the issue of further treatment in a hospital setting and infusion therapy.

To replenish the volume of fluid in the body, solutions for drip infusions are used: reosorbilact, sorbilact, trisol, disol, Ringer's solution, neohemodes.

Trisol. The solution is administered dropwise at a rate of 40-120 drops per minute, preheated to a temperature of 36-38 °C. The permissible amount of solution per hour is 7-10% of the patient's body weight. During the infusion, it is necessary to monitor the electrolyte composition of the blood to avoid hyperkalemia, which has a detrimental effect on the heart.

Ringer's solution. The drug is ideal for parenteral replenishment of fluid volume deficiency. The permissible dosage for adults is 1-2 liters of solution per day. Stop therapy with Ringer's solution when hemodynamic parameters return to normal. Before and during use of the solution, it is necessary to monitor the electrolyte content in the blood. May cause hyperkalemia and hypernatremia. Use with caution in elderly patients and in the postoperative period.

In a hospital setting, drugs that affect the brain's vomiting center are prescribed: metoclopramide, cerucal, osetron, ondansetron, etc. Antiemetics are prescribed mainly in the form of solutions for intramuscular or intravenous administration.

Cerucal or metoclopramide. It is intended for parenteral administration to stop vomiting. When treating acetonemic vomiting, it is not prescribed for a long period, so the possibility of developing side effects is minimal. The exception is hypersensitivity to the components. Therapeutic dosages: adults and adolescents (over 14 years old) - 10 mg of metoclopramide (1 ampoule) 3-4 times a day; children (from 3 to 14 years old) - 0.1 mg of metoclopramide/kg of body weight.

Use with extreme caution in patients with impaired renal function.

Osetron. Used to eliminate vomiting. Solution for intramuscular, intravenous jet injections and intravenous drip infusions. Osetron may be diluted with 5% dextrose solution, Ringer's solution, physiological sodium chloride solution. Solutions in ampoules of 4 mg and 8 mg are usually used. The dosage and frequency of use of the drug are determined by the doctor. Not recommended for patients with individual hypersensitivity to the components, pregnant and lactating women, children under 2 years of age.

In families where someone in the family suffers from ketonuria or acetonemic crises, there should be special test strips to determine the level of acetone bodies in the urine. The tests are sold in drugstores.

After an acetonemic crisis, a weakened body needs vitamin complexes: askorutin, revit, undevit.

Physiotherapy treatment

Experts recommend drinking special alkaline mineral waters (Borjomi, Luzhanskaya), but first you need to get rid of the gases.

The attending physician may decide on the need for a course of warm (up to 41 °C) alkaline enemas (3% or 5% soda solution) to eliminate acidosis. Before administering a soda enema, it is necessary to cleanse the colon.

Folk remedies

In folk medicine, there are recipes that will help improve digestion and reduce the smell of acetone from the mouth. But it should be remembered that this is a temporary measure, because it is necessary to eliminate the cause that caused acetone halitosis.

You can make compote or juice from cranberries, sea buckthorn, as well as decoction and infusion from rose hips. These berries have a wonderful effect on the body: they strengthen the immune system, improve metabolic processes and normalize the gastrointestinal tract.

[ 5 ], [ 6 ], [ 7 ]

Herbal treatment

In folk medicine, blackberries are used for diabetes, gastritis, stomach ulcers, chronic enteritis, food poisoning, dysentery, liver disease, diarrhea, inflammation of the kidneys and bladder, gum disease and aphthous ulcers on the oral mucosa. Its fruits contain: glucose, fructose, sucrose, ascorbic acid, carotene, vitamin E, organic acids, etc. The leaves contain a large amount of ascorbic acid.

Centaury is widely used. It is used for gastritis with increased secretion of gastric contents, indigestion, fever, vomiting attacks, liver diseases, diabetes, as a choleretic and anthelmintic agent. Centaurium contains: alkaloids, various glycosides, ascorbic and oleic acids, essential oil.

Hot infusion: 1-2 teaspoons of raw material should be poured with one glass of boiling water and left to brew for 5 minutes. The infusion is taken throughout the day.

Homeopathy

Arsenicum album is an arsenic-based drug. It is taken in cases of acetonemic syndrome, in diseases of infectious genesis, occurring with acidosis and pronounced general weakness. The use of 1 dose of Arsenicum Album CH30 can significantly reduce the severity of acetonemic syndrome, alleviating the symptoms of the underlying disease. Dissolve 5 to 20 granules in half a glass of boiling water. Drink a sip (teaspoon) every 5-20 minutes.

Vertigoheel is a homeopathic antiemetic drug.

It has a tonic effect on the nervous system and has a vasodilatory effect. It is used to stop vomiting that occurs during vertigo of neurogenic, vascular genesis, in mild forms of craniocerebral trauma. The drug is taken as a standard 1 tablet 3 times a day, in case of intense attacks of vertigo and nausea, the intake begins with 10 drops or 1 tablet every 15 minutes for 1-2 hours.

Nux Vomica Homaccord is an antiemetic homeopathic medicine.

Has an antispasmodic, antiphlogistic effect on the intestines. Used: to relieve headaches, has a positive effect on the liver, in digestive disorders. Take 10 drops 3 times a day as standard.

Diet for acetone breath

During the acute period of the disease with the appearance of an intense smell of acetone from the mouth, a diet is followed with mandatory adherence to the regime of abundant drinking (if there are no restrictions on the amount of liquid consumed). Fatty and protein foods, meat products, fresh yeast pastries, fresh vegetables and fruits, whole milk are excluded. Food during this period should be easily digestible, containing mainly carbohydrates: light porridge on water, baked apples, crackers, tea. After a week, fermented milk products are introduced into the diet. After two weeks, boiled lean meat and bananas are allowed. The range of permitted products is gradually expanded, with the exception of milk (its consumption should be abandoned for 1-2 months).

Prevention

Preventive measures are as follows:

• adherence to the daily routine;
• sleep (at least 8 hours a day);
• staying outdoors;
• physical education classes with measured and regular exercises without excessive intensity;
• daily intake of water treatments.

It is necessary to avoid overheating in the sun and overloading the nervous system, it is necessary to maintain a proper diet.

During intercrisis periods, the attending physician may recommend medications that normalize lipid metabolism, hepatoprotective agents, sedatives (mainly herbal preparations: valerian, motherwort, persen, novo-passit, sedasena forte, etc.); appetite stimulants (gastric juice, abomin, vitamins B1, B6); enzyme replacement therapy drugs.

If acetonemic syndrome reoccurs, regular (at least twice a year) anti-relapse cycles of preventive therapy for the underlying disease are necessary.

[ 8 ], [ 9 ], [ 10 ]

Forecast

The prognosis for acetonemic syndrome is favorable. As children grow older, acetonemic crises cease to occur. Timely access to doctors and competent treatment tactics for the underlying disease help to stop ketoacidosis.

The smell of acetone from the mouth is a message from the body that there are problems in its functioning. There must be a reaction to this message. Do not put off a visit to the doctor. A qualified specialist will be able to check the health condition and find out which of the body systems caused the appearance of acetone compounds. Knowing the cause, it will be easier to get rid of the acetone smell.

[ 11 ]