Progressive paralysis of the brain: clinical forms, the course of the stages

A special form of neurosyphilis that causes severe consequences for the whole organism is progressive paralysis. Consider the causes of pathology and methods of its treatment.

The disease is caused by pale treponema (the causative agent of syphilis), which penetrates into the nervous system, exerting a destructive effect on it. Diffuse syphilitic meningoencephalitis with affecting the membranes, vessels and parenchyma of the brain is characterized by gradually increasing clinical symptoms. Patients are confronted with pronounced signs of mental disintegration and somatic exhaustion.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]

Epidemiology

Beyle's disease is diagnosed in 5% of patients with syphilis. Epidemiology indicates that women are sick less than twice as often as men. The only source of infection is a person. The frequency of infection depends on the duration of the disease. The pattern of spread of the disease is associated with low awareness of the methods of infection and risk factors of pathology.

The most contagious are patients with early forms of syphilis from 3 to 5 years. Late forms, the term of which is more than 5 years little religious. The main danger of the development of neurosyphilis is, at an initial stage, the disorder is asymptomatic. In most cases, this is associated with a high resistance to pale treponema, which leads to the appearance of incised and L-forms of the pathogen.

[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]

Causes of the progressive paralysis

The main causes of progressive paralysis are associated with positive reactions to syphilis. Pale treponema causes damage to the membranes of the brain. The disorder develops in 1 out of 5% of patients with syphilis, men are more susceptible to the disease. The average age of patients is 30 to 50 years. This is confirmed by the fact that the pathology develops 10-15 years after infection.

The causes of progressive paralysis can be nonspecific. Craniocerebral trauma, emotional distress, stress, a decrease in the protective properties of the immune system and untimely treatment of infectious pathologies, can also provoke a psychoorganic disorder. Very often the true nature of the deviation is established in a psychiatric hospital. That is, the patient may not suspect about the presence of syphilis before the appearance of neurologic symptoms.

After establishing the cause of paralysis, the patient is referred to a number of specialists, including the venereologist, who conducts additional diagnostic tests. They are needed to determine the stage of the disorder and make a plan for further treatment.

[15]

Risk factors

Allocate such risk factors for the development of the disease:

• Sexual is the most common variant of infection. The bacterium penetrates through the lesions on the skin and through the mucous membranes. Infection is possible by contact with syphilitic gum or a hard hinge, that is, when in contact with an open source of infection.
• Blood transfusion is an infection during blood transfusion from an infected donor, during surgical intervention or dental manipulations (this risk factor is minimal, as all donors and blood products are screened for syphilis, and all operating instruments are sterile).
• Transplacental - the disease can be transmitted from the pregnant to the child during gestation or during the birth process. The risk of infection is associated with possible injuries and ruptures of the skin and mucous membranes, which act as entry gates for infection.
• Contact-household - the use of common household items with the infected (towels, dishes, linens, clothes, hygiene items).
• Professional - this risk factor is present in medical workers who are in contact with biological fluids (saliva, blood, sperm). Infection is possible at the opening of the corpses or obstetrics.

Regardless of the factor that provoked the disease, the causative agent of the neurosyphilis disappears into the lymph nodes and spreads throughout the body with the blood flow.

[16], [17], [18], [19], [20]

Pathogenesis

The main causative agent of progressive paralysis is a bacterium of pale treponema. Pathogenesis, that is, the mechanism of the development of the disease is most often associated with the sexual factor.

There are two ways of penetrating the bacteria into the substance of the brain:

1. Lymphogenous - a pathogenic microorganism penetrates the human body through mucous membranes or damaged skin. With blood flow, the infection spreads through the body, reacting to it by producing specific antibodies.
2. Hematogenous - due to the weakening of the blood-brain barrier, the infection penetrates into the cerebrospinal substrate. First, the vessels and shells of the spinal cord and brain are affected. This provokes the onset of the inflammatory process with the release of exudate. Cerebral changes are formed in the brain tissues.

Over time, the body weakens and ceases to fight with the harmful microorganism, opening access to the parenchyma of the central nervous system. Typically, this occurs 5-7 years after infection with syphilis or in later stages. The bacterium penetrates into nerve cells and fibers, causing their pathological changes and the symptoms of neurosyphilis.

[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27]

Symptoms of the progressive paralysis

Psycho-organic pathology has a wide variety of clinical manifestations, expressed neurological and mental disorders. Symptoms of progressive paralysis depend on the stage of the disease, and there are often no clear boundaries between the various forms.

Beyle's disease is characterized by a violation of the shape and reactivity of the pupil. The patient suffers from imbalances with closed eyes in the standing position, loss of sensitivity, progressive dementia.

The disorder most often manifests itself at the age of 35-50 years and has indeterminate neurasthenic complaints. The unfolded stage is distinguished by memory and attention disorders. Also observed pathologies in the emotional sphere, frequent mood swings, irritability, quick temper, depression. Muscular spasms in limbs and other parts of the body, delirium and hallucinations can be observed.

First signs

After getting pale treponema in the dorsal or brain, its active multiplication begins. The first signs develop gradually and in a phasic order. The symptomatology of the disease is very similar to the signs of acute inflammation of the membranes of the brain, that is, meningitis:

• Severe headaches and dizziness
• Increased intracranial pressure
• Noise in ears
• Digestive Disorders

As soon as the infection penetrates into the vessels of the brain, then there are such symptoms:

• Insomnia and migraine attacks
• Decreased tactile sensitivity

At the next stage, the spinal cord is affected, which is manifested by the following symptoms:

• Disorders from the pelvic organs
• Weakening of the muscles of the lower limbs
• Decreased muscular-articular sensitivity
• Long-lasting healing wounds on the skin
• Narrowing of the eye pupils and lack of response to light
• Violation of coordination of movements
• Pain in the lower back

Because of the long-term presence of bacteria in the brain tissues, their gradual destruction occurs. This is manifested by such signs:

• Progressive personality disorders
• Weakening memory and thinking disorder
• Manic and depressive conditions
• Hallucinations, delusions

In some cases, the disease provokes epileptic seizures and paralysis. Particular attention during the diagnosis is given to the lack of a pupillary reaction to light. Nasolabial folds acquire asymmetry, handwriting changes, tendon reflexes become uneven.

[28], [29], [30], [31]

Progressive paralysis of the brain

The main danger of syphilitic infection is progressive paralysis of the brain. The disease has several stages, each of which is manifested by certain signs.

• Immediately after infection, the patient does not experience severe pathological symptoms. Gradually deteriorates the quality of sleep and reduces the concentration of attention. This is written off for general body fatigue or problems with the immune system.
• In the second stage, the nervous system is damaged. This is manifested by such symptoms: an increase in tendon reflexes, uneven pupils, tension in the occipital region, muscle pain.
• At the next stage, the syphilis of the brain acquires an aggressive course. The patient's memory deteriorates, irritability and nervousness develop. The risk of stroke of cerebral vessels increases.

Diffuse syphilitic meningoencephalitis is characterized by severe neurological and psychopathological disorders. Without treatment, pathology ends with deep dementia and death.

Juvenile progressive paralysis

A rare form of congenital syphilis that occurs with transplacental infection is juvenile progressive paralysis. The morphological basis of pathology is cellular anomalies in the location of nerve cells, adherent vascular endarteritis of the brain.

The pathological condition can manifest itself both in early childhood and at a later age. In early childhood, defects in the structure of the bone apparatus (curvature of limbs, saddle nose), poorly developed musculature, lesion of cranial nerves can be detected. From 7-9, and in some cases from 13-15 years, neurosyphilis rapidly progresses, acquiring a demented form. There is a loss of acquired skills and emotional distress. In 15-20 years the disease is characterized by increasing dementia and epileptiform seizures.

Stages

There are several stages of pathology:

1. Latent - an asymptomatic stage with pathological changes in the cerebrospinal fluid. Develops within 1 year after infection. Neurological disorders do not appear.
2. Acute - manifested in the first 1-2 years after infection. For this stage are characterized by such symptoms: headaches, attacks of nausea and vomiting, patchy-papular rash. Also, pathologies from sight, hearing and facial nerves can be observed. In rare cases, hydrocephalus develops and stagnation of optic discs.
3. Meningovascular - can develop 1-5 months after infection, but is most often diagnosed in 5-7 years of the disease. Is manifested by symptoms of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. There is a concentric narrowing of large arteries and local narrowing / widening of small arteries. Before the ischemic crisis, the patient complains of frequent headaches, emotional lability, personality disorders.
4. Meningomielitis - at this stage, the lower spastic paraparesis progresses with impaired pelvic organs and deep sensitivity. Pathological symptoms can develop asymmetrically with signs of Brown-Sekar syndrome.
5. Spinal dryness - the incubation period of this stage takes 5 to 50 years, but on average appears 20 years after infection. At this stage, inflammatory infiltration and degeneration of the posterior roots and spinal cords are observed. The patient faces sharp shooting pains, a violation of deep sensitivity, neurogenic disorders. Without treatment, these symptoms begin to progress.
6. Paralytic dementia is the stage of progressive paralysis, which develops 10-20 years after infection with syphilis. The patient suffers from a depressive condition, varying severity of neurological disorders, a decrease in muscle tone, epileptic seizures, hallucinations. It is characterized by persistent progression, which rarely leads to death.

From the moment of infection to the stage of progressive paralysis, no less than 8-15 years pass. The first signs of the disease do not cause concern, since they are similar to the usual exhaustion of the nervous system. The development of pathology contributes to supporting factors, for example, chronic diseases, alcoholism, drug addiction.

[32], [33], [34], [35], [36]

Forms

There are several clinical forms of neurosyphilis:

• Expansive - manic form is characterized by a state of euphoria and delusional, meaningless ideas. The patient thinks that he is successful and ascribes to himself non-existent riches. The patient considers himself absolutely healthy and is satisfied with being in a psychiatric institution.
• Depressive - depressed mood in combination with ridiculous hypochondriac delirium.
• Dementia is a growing dementia, a decrease in the ability to critically evaluate the environment, express correct judgment, and perceive one's condition. The mood is euphoric, benign.
• Tabetic - at this stage, with a slow and protracted course, there is a combination of signs of paralysis and dorsal dryness.
• Agitated - has a malignant course with severe attacks of motor excitement. There is confusion, rapid disintegration of the psyche.

All the above stages and forms can be accompanied by epileptiform seizures, cerebral strokes with hemiplegia and paresis, arteriosclerosis. Without proper treatment, each of the forms can cause a fatal outcome.

Psycho-organic pathology has several stages of development, each of which differs in its symptoms. There are such stages of progressive paralysis:

• Initsialnaya is the stage of preparative asthenia. It is characterized by cerebral, severe headaches, speech and articulation disorders, and increased irritability.
• Deployed - paralytic dementia with a progressive decline in intellectual and mnestic qualities and various personality disorders.
• Terminal - the total disintegration of mental activity, insanity.

[37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]

Complications and consequences

Neurosyphilis causes severe consequences and complications. Patients are faced with such problems as:

• Disorder of communicative behavior
• Insolvency
• Stroke
• Injuries due to falls due to convulsions
• Parezy of the extremities
• Atrophy of the optic nerve

Complications of this pathology can lead to disability. The launched forms practically do not respond to therapy and are fatal.

[44], [45], [46], [47], [48]

Diagnostics of the progressive paralysis

The detection of Beyle's disease occurs on the basis of existing neurological disorders and mental disorders. Diagnosis of progressive paralysis consists of a complex of various clinical studies:

• Collection of anamnesis and analysis of patient complaints
• Lab tests
• Instrumental methods
• Differential diagnostics

During the diagnosis the patient can be sent to the psychoneurological dispensary for observation. According to the results of all studies, the doctor puts the final diagnosis, determines the stage of the disease, the methods of its treatment. If progressive paralysis is diagnosed at an early stage, it significantly improves the prognosis for recovery.

[49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55]

Analyzes

If there is a suspicion of diffuse syphilitic meningoencephalitis with damage to the membranes, vessels and brain substance, laboratory diagnostics is indicated. Analyzes are necessary to identify the causative agent - pale treponema or other abnormalities. The patient is assigned such studies:

• Wasserman's reaction
• Analyzes of blood and liquor
• Treponemal and non-treponemal tests with serum and liquor
• Microsequence of precipitation with a cardiolipin antigen
• The reaction of immunofluorescence (RIF)
• The reaction of treponem immobilization (RIT)

The diagnosis of neurosyphilis is confirmed with positive results of treponemal tests for blood serum and for immunofluorescence. And also with changes in cerebrospinal fluid (Wasserman's reaction), inflammatory changes in the cerebrospinal fluid with cytosis exceeding 20 μl and protein above 0.6 g / l.

[56], [57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62]

Instrumental diagnostics

Characteristic for Beyle's disease symptoms require a comprehensive study. Instrumental diagnosis is necessary to confirm psycho-organic pathology. The patient is given computer and magnetic resonance imaging.

These methods reveal nonspecific changes: heart attacks, gums, atrophy, increased contrast of the meninges, multifocal lesions of white matter, and others. The results of these studies are used in the differentiation of the diagnosis. The patient is also referred to the oculist for examination of the fundus, since the disease is characterized by visual disturbances of varying severity.

Differential diagnosis

The early stages of progressive paralysis are similar in their symptoms to a variety of other neuropsychiatric disorders. Differential diagnosis helps to separate the true disease from other disorders.

Neurosyphilis is differentiated with such pathologies:

• Tumor lesions of the frontal lobes of the brain
• Pick's disease
• Vascular diseases of the brain
• Serous meningitis
• Vasculitis
• Sarcoidosis
• Brucellosis
• Boreilliosis
• Cerebral atherosclerosis
• Malignant forms of hypertension

Despite the marked symptomatology of the disease, differential diagnosis is complicated by the fact that various brain lesions can give a picture of dementia, which is present in paralytic dementia. A decisive role in the diagnosis is played by anamnesis, somatic and neurological examinations, the results of serological reactions.

[63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70]

Treatment of the progressive paralysis

Symptoms of neurosyphilis require careful diagnosis and properly formulated therapy. Treatment of progressive paralysis takes place in a hospital. The treatment is provided by a neurologist, venereologist, psychiatrist. The patient is prescribed a combined specific therapy, which consists of medications (antibiotics, iodine and bismuth preparations) and physioprocedures.

To treat a specific infection of the nervous system, consisting in the penetration of the causative agent of syphilis into the nervous and brain tissue, the pyrotherapy method can be used. Under pyrotherapy means the use of antimalarial drugs. Medications are administered intramuscularly and intravenously. The incubation period is from 4 to 20 days. Improvement of the patient's condition is observed in a month.

The effectiveness of therapy depends entirely on the stage of the disease, the best results are indicated by treatment with the first symptoms of the pathology. The results are evaluated by the regression of signs of progressive paralysis and improvement of cerebrospinal fluid indices. Control of cure is carried out for two years every six months. When new neurologic symptoms appear, the old ones grow or when there is cytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid, repeated therapy is shown.

Medications

The main goal of treating progressive paralysis is the destruction of the bacterium that caused syphilis. Medications are prescribed to minimize pathological neurological symptoms and reduce the epidemiological danger of the patient in relation to the healthy. During treatment, methods are used to destroy pale treponema, as well as ancillary drugs and vitamins. The most complicated form of the disease is neglected, as they require long-term therapy and careful selection of medications.

Scheme of treatment of psycho-organic pathology:

1. Antibiotic preparations. Patients are prescribed drugs from the penicillin group, since they have a wide spectrum of action. Suppress many harmful microorganisms, affecting the walls of their cells.

• Penicillin

Antimicrobial agent from the class of β-lactam antibiotics. The main active substance is 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The drug is administered intravenously (intramuscular injection is ineffective), begin with high doses of 2-4 million units 6 times a day for 10-14 days. In the first hours after administration, there may appear symptoms of acute fever, tachycardia, severe headaches and myalgia, aggravation of neurological pathologies. As a rule, the side symptoms regress within 24 hours. In especially severe cases, corticosteroids or NSAIDs are used.

• Erythromycin

It is prescribed for contraindications to penicillin preparations. Refers to bacteriostatics, a representative of macrolides. In its antimicrobial action is similar to penicillins. It is active against many harmful microorganisms, including the causative agent of Beyle's disease. It has several forms of release: tablets, capsules, ointment, powder for intravenous and intramuscular injections. Dosage, as well as the form of release, depends on the stage of the disease and the characteristics of the patient's body. Side effects occur rarely and are manifested as nausea, vomiting and gastrointestinal disorders. With prolonged use, it is possible to develop resistance and allergic reactions. The drug is contraindicated for its intolerance and severe liver disorders.

• Ceftriaxone

Cephalosporin antibiotic of the third generation with bactericidal properties. Its activity is related to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action. It is used intramuscularly and intravenously in dilution with sterile water for injection. Side effects are manifested by the digestive system, and allergic reactions are also possible. The drug is contraindicated with hypersensitivity to cephalosporins and penicillins, in the first trimester of pregnancy and with hepatic-renal failure. In case of an overdose it is possible to change the picture of blood. Symptomatic therapy is indicated for treatment.

2. Antisyphilitic drugs. In the early stages of the disease are used as monotherapy, but most often they are prescribed in conjunction with other medications.

• Bismoverol

It is used for all forms of syphilitic infection. It is available in vials for intramuscular injection. The drug is administered 1.5 ml 2 times a week, the course of treatment is 16-20 ml. Side effects are manifested in the form of increased salivation, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the gums, stomatitis. Neuritis of the trigeminal nerve and bismuth nephropathy are also possible. The drug is contraindicated in diseases of the kidneys and liver, diabetes, pathologies of the cardiovascular system.

• Biyohinol

In the treatment of neurosyphilis is used in conjunction with penicillin preparations. Effective in nonspecific lesions of the central nervous system. It is administered intramuscularly, in a two-component way. Dosage 3 ml every 4 days, the course dose of 30-40 ml. Adverse reactions are manifested in the form of skin dermatitis, damage to the kidneys and stomatitis. Contraindicated in the use of kidney and liver disease, increased bleeding. It is not prescribed for patients with severe forms of tuberculosis and with increased sensitivity to quinine.

3. Drugs to eliminate neurological symptoms, improve metabolic processes and blood circulation in the brain.

• Pyracetam

Increases the synthesis of dopamine in the brain, increases the amount of acetylcholine and the density of cholinergic receptors. Positively affects the metabolic processes and blood circulation in the brain, stimulates redox reactions, improves regional blood flow. It is used for cerebrovascular insufficiency, changes in cerebral circulation, in trauma and intoxication of the brain, atherosclerosis and other neurological disorders.

The agent has several forms of release, therefore suitable for both oral and intravenous administration. Dosage and treatment depend on the severity of the pathological process. Side effects are manifested in the form of mental agitation, irritability, sleep disturbances. Possible disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, convulsions, tremor of the extremities. Contraindications are associated with individual intolerance to the components of the drug. It is not used for diabetes and acute renal failure.

• Nootropil

Medicinal product from the nootropic class. Improves cognitive processes in the brain, affects the central nervous system (improves the metabolism of neurons, changes the rate of the process of excitation, improves microcirculation by stabilizing the rheological properties of the blood). Has no vasodilating effect, but improves the characteristics of cerebral circulation.

It is used for symptomatic therapy of psycho-organic syndrome. The daily dosage is 160 mcg / kg body weight (divided by 2-4 doses). Side effects are manifested in the form of increased nervousness, depression, drowsiness, asthenia. Possible headaches, insomnia, hallucinations, gastrointestinal disorders, increased libido and allergic reactions. Contraindicated in renal failure, hemorrhagic stroke and intolerance of pyrrolidone, pyracetam and other components of Nootropil. In case of an overdose, there is an increase in adverse reactions, treatment is symptomatic.

• Cavinton

It dilates the vessels of the brain, improves blood flow and supplies the brain with oxygen. Lowers systemic arterial pressure. It is used for neurological and mental disorders caused by a disorder of cerebral circulation of different etiologies. It has several forms of release (tablets, solution for injection), which allows you to choose the most suitable. As a rule, the drug is well tolerated. Adverse reactions are possible with intravenous administration - hypotension, tachycardia. It is not used for violations of heart rate, unstable blood pressure and low vascular tone. Subcutaneous administration and use with heparin is contraindicated.

The effectiveness of ongoing treatment of progressive paralysis is assessed by regression or lack of neurologic symptoms, normalization of cerebrospinal fluid. Therapy is carried out under strict medical supervision with periodic delivery of tests to identify the causative agent in the cerebrospinal fluid. If the amount of harmful microorganism does not decrease, then higher doses of drugs or the selection of other drugs are indicated.

Vitamins

Syphilis of the brain requires complex treatment. Vitamins are part of the therapy used in all forms and stages of the disease. Let's consider, what useful macro and microelements necessary at a neurosyphilis:

• В - vitamins of this group participate in the processes of cellular metabolism, normalize the work of the whole organism. Useful for the nervous system, regulate energy metabolism, improve visual function and synthesize hemoglobin. Vitamins B6 and B12 regulate the work of the nervous system, synthesize and regenerate erythrocytes, create antibodies.
• A - is represented by three bioorganic compounds from the group of retinoids (retinol, dehydroretinol, retinal). Has a powerful antioxidant effect, improves the growth and development of all cells, organs and tissues. Participates in the functioning of the mucous membranes and skin epithelium. Retinol is part of the visual pigment, which is located in the cells of the retina. His sufficient number maintains good eyesight. Improves the condition of hair, gums and teeth. It acts as a preventive agent of malignant lesions of the body, regulates the immune system, enhances the synthesis of immunoglobulins (antibodies) of all classes.
• E is a fat soluble compound with antioxidant properties. Prevents the formation of blood clots, improves microcirculation and prevents bloody stagnation. Improves blood properties and the functioning of the immune system. Reduces pressure, expands and strengthens the walls of blood vessels, prevents anemia and cataracts. Supports normal operation of the nervous system.
• Common fortifying iron preparations - this category includes preparations with 30 or more mg of elemental iron. They are used as general strengthening and auxiliary means for anemia, pathologies from the side of the central nervous system, various inflammatory processes, lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, heavy bleeding.
• Glycine is an amino acid with antioxidant, neurometabolic and neuroprotective properties. Regulates metabolism, stimulates the processes of protective inhibition of the central nervous system, prevents and stops psychoemotional stress. It is used for various disorders of the nervous system, sleep disorders, excessive excitability and emotionality, and disorders of the vegetative system. It is prescribed for patients with ischemic stroke, as well as for encephalopathy of various genesis.
• Nicotinic acid - has anti-pelagic properties, has a vasodilating effect, improves the functioning of the digestive system. Reduces the level of lipoproteins in the blood. It is used for diseases of blood vessels, brain, neuritis of the facial nerve, long-lasting non-healing ulcers and wounds, infectious and other defeats of the body.

All the vitamins described above are used only for the doctor's prescription, which determines the required dosage and the frequency of their use.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

In the late stages of progressive paralysis, that is, with dorsal dryness, physiotherapy is indicated. The patient is prescribed a massage of the extremities, electrophoresis and gymnastics according to Frenkel.

Let's consider the basic medical physiotherapy procedures:

• Massage - spend several courses with short and intensive sessions. This is necessary for the restoration of limb functions, and also as a preventive measure against complications of psycho-organic pathology.
• Electrophoresis is a method of delivering medicinal components into the body with the help of an electric current. The healing substances penetrate the tissues through the ducts of the sweat and sebaceous glands. The electric current increases the synthesis of biologically active substances and increases the ionic activity in the conducting tissues. With neurosyphilis, Lidase is used.
• Gymnastics by Frenkel is a system of exercises performed on a slow repetition with gradually increasing complexity. Exercises are designed to treat and prevent movement control disorders. This technique is based on the activation of an intact sensory mechanism (vision, touch, hearing), compensating for kinetic losses.

Physiotherapeutic treatment is carried out under medical supervision in sanatorium-medical institutions.

Alternative treatment

With diffuse syphilitic meningoencephalitis with damage to the membranes, vessels and parenchyma of the brain, timely diagnosis and properly selected therapy are necessary. Alternative treatment of progressive paralysis is not recommended, since it is ineffective in fighting pale treponema. But, despite this, there are a number of alternative recipes recommended for neurosyphilis, consider them:

• 500 g of aloe is minced with a meat grinder and mix with 250 ml of liquid honey. The medicine should be infused in a dark cool place for 2-3 days. After that, mix it with ½ cup of red wine and put it again in a cool place for 1-2 days. The product can be stored in the refrigerator and take 1 spoon 2-3 times a day.
• Crush 2-3 apples, add a glass of hawthorn and chopped hips. To the resulting mixture, add 5-8 cloves of chopped garlic and pour all 2 liters of boiling water. The drug should be infused for 2-3 hours, after which it should be filtered and taken 3 times a day half an hour after eating.
• Chop the onion and squeeze the juice. Mix the onion juice with honey in a 1: 2 ratio. The drug should be taken 3-4 times a day for 30 minutes before meals.
• 100 g of dry and shredded oat straw pour 500 ml of boiling water and allow to brew until cooling. Once the infusion has cooled, strain it and take ½ cup throughout the day. This medicine has a general strengthening effect and tones up the body.

Before using non-traditional methods of treatment, consult your doctor. This is due to the fact that some recipes can cause side reactions that worsen the patient's condition and the course of the underlying disease.

[71], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77]

Herbal Treatment

Herbal components with healing properties are used for many diseases. Herbal treatment of progressive paralysis is possible at its early stages and only in conjunction with drug therapy. Consider the effective recipes of herbal medicine:

• 20 g of dry crushed sedge roots fill with 500-750 ml of boiling water and cook on low heat until the liquid is boiled twice. The broth should be insisted for 2 hours and strain. Take ¼ cup 3-4 times a day.
• A couple of tablespoons of dry grass field yaruta fill with 250 ml of boiling water and let it brew for 4 hours in a sealed container. After cooling, the infusion should be filtered and taken 1 teaspoonful 4-5 times a day.
• A tablespoon of burdock roots, pour 250 ml of hot water and cook in a water bath for 20 minutes. Once the liquid has cooled, it must be filtered and taken 1 spoon 3-4 times a day.

The duration of the application of moods and decoctions should be monitored by the attending physician. Independently use non-traditional methods, with Beyle's disease is not recommended.

Homeopathy

Treatment of diseases by affecting the body of similar pathological factors is homeopathy. With progressive paralysis, drugs diluted in water in a ratio of 1:10 or 1: 100 are used. Alternative therapy is aimed at activating the hidden resources of the body to fight the disease. But to achieve a positive result it is possible only with the use of substances that cause symptomatic characteristic syphilis.

Algorithm of homeopathic therapy:

• At the initial stages of Beyle's disease, Merkuris sublimate corozivus is applied 5-6 drops 3-4 times a day for a week.
• After a week, the therapy is supplemented with Nitri acidum in a dosage of 4 drops 3-4 times a day.
• After this, it is necessary to start monotherapy with the mercurial preparation Mercurius biiodatus, taking Nitri through acidum every other day. Such treatment should continue until the disappearance of pathological symptoms.
• With advanced stages of neurosyphilis, iodine preparations are recommended. Patients prescribed Kali iodatum 11 for 10 drops at the beginning of treatment and up to 20 drops at the end of therapy. This remedy reduces, and in some cases completely eliminates the symptoms of the disease.
• With characteristic for syphilitic infection plaques on the mucous membranes and skin, rinse with Phytolyacq decandra. If there is a common cold of a syphilitic nature, then Kali bichromicum is recommended.
• With pathological lesions of nerve centers - Kali iodatum with Aurum muriaticum natronatum and Aurum iodate.
• In some cases, plant remedies are used to treat syphilis of the brain: Formal Coridales and Sarsaparilla.

All homeopathic preparations, their dosage and duration of application, are determined by the attending physician. Independently use the above described drugs is contraindicated, since they can significantly aggravate the course of the disease.

Operative treatment

Therapy of progressive paralysis involves the use of conservative techniques. Surgical treatment for neurosyphilis is not carried out. Surgical intervention is possible with pathological complications of the disease requiring surgery.

In other cases, patients are prescribed a complex of antibiotics that are sensitive to treponema, pyrotherapy and physiotherapy (elevated temperature treatment). For the evaluation of healing, sanation of cerebrospinal fluid and involution of clinical symptoms of pathology are carried out.

Prevention

To protect the body from syphilitic infection and the development of progressive paralysis, it is necessary to follow preventive recommendations. Prevention of a specific infection of the nervous system, in which the causative agent of syphilis penetrates the tissues of the brain and spinal cord consists of:

• Observance of personal and intimate hygiene.
• Secure protected sex (condom use).
• Strengthening the protective properties of the immune system.
• Avoiding the use of utensils, linens and other household items, together with people whose health condition causes fear.
• Regular preventive examinations at the doctor.

The above recommendations can protect themselves not only from syphilis, but also from a number of other equally dangerous diseases. Particular attention should be paid to the rejection of uncontrolled sex. Since this factor is the main cause of the development of pathology.

When infected with pale treponema, its timely treatment is necessary in combination with regular preventive examinations from a neurologist. Without medical assistance, the disease provokes the development of life-threatening complications that can lead to death.

[78], [79]

Forecast

With the use of active treatment methods, the prognosis of progressive paralysis is more favorable. So in 20% of patients there is complete remission and there is a chance to return to the previous social level. In 30% of cases, recovery is accompanied by moderate mental changes that allow the patient to adapt in society. In 40%, treatment is ineffective, with about 5% of patients dying during therapy.

Progressive paralysis has a number of factors that improve its prognosis: early diagnosis and treatment. And also cases when the disease takes the form of psychosis, that is, an expansive form. Without active therapy, paralytic dementia leads to a fatal outcome within 2-5 years.

[80], [81]