Prevention of pneumococcal infection

For the prevention of pneumococcal infection, it is proposed to administer the polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine Pneumo-23 by Sanofi Pasteur (France), which is a mixture of purified capsular polysaccharides of 23 most common pneumococcal serotypes. One dose of this vaccine contains 25 μg of each type of polysaccharide, as well as an isotonic solution of sodium chloride and 1.25 mg of phenol as a preservative. The vaccine does not contain any other impurities. It is recommended to administer it to children at risk for pneumococcal infection over 2 years old, which include children with immunodeficiencies, asplenia, sickle cell anemia, nephritic syndrome, and hemoglobinopathies. The pneumococcal vaccine is administered once at a dose of 0.5 ml subcutaneously or intramuscularly. This vaccine is highly immunogenic and rarely causes side effects. The duration of post-vaccination immunity has not been precisely established, but antibodies in the blood after vaccination remain for up to 10 years. Contraindications to the administration of the pneumococcal vaccine are hypersensitivity to the components of the vaccine.

Children with immunodeficiency in case of contact with a patient with pneumococcal infection can be administered normal human immunoglobulin at 0.2 ml/kg intramuscularly, bacterial lysates IRS 19, imudon, etc. These drugs for local use have pronounced immunogenic properties. Local immunological effects of IRS 19 and imudon are known: an increase in the number of immunocompetent cells in the mucous membrane; induction of specific secretory antibodies of class A (slgA); formation of a protective film of slgA on the surface of the mucous membrane; a change in the content of the C3 component of complement, which affects the bactericidal properties of saliva, an increase in the activity of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages.

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