Preparation for stomach gastroscopy: what can and can not be eaten, diet

Gastroscopy is one of the varieties of endoscopic research, in which the gastric mucosa and intestines are studied with the help of special equipment. The main instrument used for gastroscopy is the fibrogastroscope. In this device there is an optical system. The final department is mobile. Due to this property, you can see all the mucous sections in the esophagus, stomach, intestines.

Gastroscopy can be painless, thanks to modern medicine. At present, local anesthesia, analgesics, sedatives are used for the procedure. Gastroscopy can pursue several purposes: diagnostic, therapeutic. The main advantage is the possibility of visualization for diagnosis. During the procedure, you can take a biopsy, make small manipulations, such as removal of the polyp, small growths on the mucosa. Often this makes it possible to avoid open surgical intervention.

The method has high accuracy, and therefore a part is an alternative to X-ray research. The timing is relatively short, performed on an outpatient basis. The procedure can be carried out even for children. Children often have to do gastroscopy under anesthesia.

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Indications

Indications for conduction may be the patient's constant complaints about nausea, vomiting. The causeless absence of appetite, signs of bleeding may also indicate the need for gastroscopy. If there are signs that indicate insufficient passage of food through the esophagus, a sensation of pain during swallowing, then gastroscopy can also give a lot of useful information. Often carried out with suspicion of an oncological process.

Rules of preparation for gastroscopy

The study requires careful preparation. If the preparation was not carried out to the fullest, erroneous results may result. In some cases, the procedure generally has to be postponed, as it becomes impossible to conduct it. All nuances of preparation are discussed with the attending physician.

In the process of preparation, the doctor conducts a conversation with the patient, finds out the individual characteristics and the state of his health. The patient should inform the doctor about the presence of concomitant diseases, allergic reactions, other reactions that can have a significant effect on the procedure. This will give the doctor the opportunity to adjust the preparation and procedure of the procedure, take appropriate measures. If you feel anxiety, anxiety, fear, this also needs to be reported to the doctor. Psychological readiness is an important condition for successful completion of the procedure.

The doctor will explain some points, and perhaps many problems will prove to be unreasonable. Fears that are not justified, only bring discomfort to the patient, and interfere with the procedure.

The doctor should have information that you are being treated with any medications, and the presence of serious diseases, including heart disease, other serious diseases. The doctor should know about the existing or planned pregnancy, the presence of diabetes, the intake of insulin preparations.

The doctor must have information about taking medications diluting the blood in order to be able to take timely measures in emergency situations, for example, when bleeding occurs. Also, the doctor should be aware of the operations performed earlier, especially if they related to the esophagus, stomach, intestines.

After all the nuances of the upcoming procedure with the doctor were discussed, you need to sign a consent form for the study. Before signing, make sure that you asked the doctor all the questions you are interested in, learned about all the risks and benefits. Also ask what exactly the doctor expects from the results of the study, how they will help in the further treatment, why the doctor prefers this method.

The study is performed on an empty stomach. The ideal time is morning time. Due to the tight record in some offices, it is natural to occasionally conduct research both in the daytime and in the evening. But if you have the opportunity to choose the time, give preference to the early morning hours.

If the procedure is scheduled for the morning, you can safely eat from the evening. Supper can be dense, full. However, the products should be light, easily digestible. They should gently act on the walls of the stomach and intestines, and have a gentle effect. In general, food intake is allowed no more than 6-8 hours before the procedure.

Drinking in the morning, the day of the procedure, is not recommended, food intake is prohibited. In some cases, the procedure can be performed under anesthesia. If this is the procedure, the last meal is allowed approximately 10-12 hours before the procedure. This preparation significantly facilitates the procedure, reduces the likelihood of vomiting, during manipulation, and therefore excludes such a dangerous complication, as vomiting into the respiratory tract. In addition, the accuracy of manipulation increases tens of times, there is no longer any need for additional, more precise procedures. The accuracy of the analysis and interpretation of data also increases significantly.

In the event that the patient takes medications that neutralize the action of hydrochloric acid, the intake should be discarded, since the natural environment in the digestive tract can be disturbed, the accuracy of diagnosis will be significantly reduced, the picture of the disease will be distorted. Inspection of the stomach and intestines will be difficult, which can contribute to misdiagnosis, false results.

Taking aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is also recommended to cancel a few days before the procedure. These drugs dilute blood, reduce its coagulability, which means that the risk of bleeding increases substantially. During the procedure, it may be necessary to perform a biopsy, or to remove polyps, other formations. In the place of such intervention, as a result of the drugs, bleeding may occur, which will be difficult enough to stop. Bleeding in the stomach entails serious consequences: prolonged indigestion, vomiting, nausea, pain. If the blood is in a normal state, this complication can not occur. Normally, as a result of the intervention, the blood stops after a few seconds.

In the presence of allergic reactions the doctor can prescribe a preliminary antihistamine therapy, which will significantly reduce the risk of allergic reaction, complications, anaphylactic shock. In addition, the doctor conducting gastroscopy, should be ready to provide first aid in response to anesthesia, sedatives and other means.

Approximately 2-3 hours must stop smoking. Prostheses or removable teeth should be removed before the procedure begins. Also need to remove all jewelry, jewelry. Contact lenses are also removed prior to the procedure. Usually, the doctor asks for special protective clothing. If you do not offer such linen, you need to take care in advance that the clothes are comfortable, soft, does not contain collars, uncomfortable fasteners, buttons, solid elements. You may need a towel or sheets to cover your clothes.

For the convenience of the patient himself, the bladder should be emptied before starting the procedure.

In advance, you need to consider your departure home. It is advisable that there is someone nearby who is carrying out to the house, because after the procedure the patient is under the influence of sedative, anesthetizing drugs, anesthesia, which can function for several hours after the procedure.

Preparing for a gastroscopy in the morning

If a gastroscopy is scheduled for the morning, it is much easier to prepare for it. It is enough not to eat anything in the morning, just before the research. In the evening, you can afford a normal meal. Supper should be easy, but full.

In the morning, you can not eat or drink. In extreme cases, it is allowed to drink a few sips of water, three hours before the procedure. That is, if the procedure is set to 9-00, then you can drink water at a maximum of 6-00 in the morning. And then not more than 100-150 g of water is allowed. You can drink only pure water, which does not contain impurities, dyes. The water must be non-carbonated. But if there is a possibility not to drink altogether, it is better to abstain.

If you need a daily intake of medications, for example, against hypertension, they can not be canceled. 3 hours before the procedure should take a pill, drink a minimum amount of water. If the treatment does not provide daily medication, then you can postpone their reception the next day.

Smoking should also be discontinued at least 3 hours before the procedure. Clothes should be free, without rigid parts, sharp elements.

Preparation of the patient for gastroscopy in the afternoon

If the procedure is scheduled for the second half of the day, or for the evening time, food should not be eaten in front of it for 8 hours. 3 hours prior to the start of the study, fluid may be taken. But you can drink no more than 2-3 hours. Water should be exceptionally non-carbonated, since the formation of gas can adversely affect the condition of mucous membranes, may distort the results of the study. Dyes, additives, impurities should be excluded. With a need to take change shoes, a towel, comfortable clothes.

Preparation for anesthesia under gastroscopy

Gastroscopy is usually performed without anesthesia, but to the patient's wishes, both local and general anesthesia can be used. In general, anesthesia is the prerogative of private clinics. This is due to the fact that in public hospitals, clinics, other medical institutions, the budget is not designed for anesthesia procedures. Private clinics provide paid services, because there is the opportunity to make the procedure painless and comfortable.

In private clinics, the patient can be offered a number of specially selected products. Widespread use of muscle relaxants, which relax the muscles, which greatly facilitates the passage of the probe through the esophagus, its ingestion. Also, the use of muscle relaxants facilitates the absorption of anesthesia by the body, the natural pain threshold is reduced.

The most safe type of anesthesia is local anesthesia. It practically does not cause complications, does not require long preliminary preparation. Typically, if local anesthesia is used, it involves irrigation of the mucous membranes with an anesthetic providing anesthesia.

The only condition for preparing for such an event may be a preliminary sanitation of the oral and nasal cavity from bacteria and viruses. To do this, rinse the throat, rinse the nasal cavity. Apply special antiseptic drugs, which either kill bacteria, or reduce their numbers. This training will take several days. It also prevents the development of inflammatory diseases, allergic reactions. Significantly reduces the risk of complications. In many clinics, preference is given to such drugs as propofol, midazalam.

General anesthesia during the procedure is not recommended. But at the request of the patient, general anesthesia can be applied. It is necessary to understand and realize that anesthesia affects the entire body as a whole. It represents a serious strain on the body, after which additional recovery is necessary. Anesthesia provides a load on the heart, kidneys.

General anesthesia can be used if the patient has an insurmountable fear, and even a panic before the procedure, before the kind of equipment. First it is necessary to conduct psychological preparation of the patient, but if it is not effective, the use of general anesthesia is allowed.

Carrying out the procedure under anesthesia is a more complicated procedure, because in such a state the patient does not control the process, can not submit any sign. Enhanced monitoring by medical personnel is required, in most cases it is necessary to connect special equipment. There is a need for respiratory and tracking equipment.

Another drawback of general anesthesia is the inability to perform the procedure on an outpatient basis. It is carried out only in a hospital, because the patient requires observation of doctors.

Also, general anesthesia is used for children under the age of 6 years. If a lengthy procedure is anticipated, general anesthesia may also be required. The method of injection of anesthesia is intravenous.

What can you eat?

At the heart of the preparation for gastroscopy lies first and foremost, proper nutrition. It is necessary to comply with the diet in about 2-3 weeks before the procedure. The main preparation is for the last 2-3 days before the procedure. First, it is necessary to minimize the consumption of flour products, bakery, bakery.

Your table should leave different sauces, mayonnaise, adzhiki. Contraindicated sharp, smoked products, fatty dishes. Sharp products, seasonings, spices, marinades are not recommended. Fatty grades of meat and fish, sausages, fat will affect negatively the results of the study, complicate the procedure. The reason is low digestibility of food. Remains of food can be found in the digestive tract. This knocks down the doctor, makes diagnosis difficult, complicates the interpretation of the results, does not provide an opportunity to view the entire food channel.

Approximately 48 hours from the diet should be excluded from alcoholic beverages. Contraindicated even low-alcohol drinks, including fermentation products: wine, beer, kvass. Sweets, chocolate, nuts, and seeds should be excluded. Any products containing vegetable fats are excluded completely.

In the evening, on the eve of the procedure, a light supper is allowed. Dinner can be plentiful. It can not differ in any way from a daily dinner. The only thing that must be observed is the ease of food, sparing regimen. Food should not burden the stomach, intestines. Exclude from the dinner will have mayonnaise, and any other sauces on mayonnaise basis, dressings for salads. Also, bakery products, bread, meat and fat, as well as cheeses, will not do.

Ideal dinner will be a piece of boiled chicken fillet, mashed potatoes, or chicken steamed chicken in combination with lettuce, greens. Instead of potatoes, buckwheat porridge, steamed broccoli, or fat-free cottage cheese will serve as a side dish. Do not eat pearl gruel, beans, peas, lentils.

Meal, water intake

The last meal of food and water should be at least 6-8 hours before the procedure. Water may be used at least 3 hours before the procedure, but not more than 100 ml, and then in case of emergency. If there is no such need, one must adhere to the hunger regime.

After the procedure, you can eat in about 2-3 hours. The doctor must report the order of exit from the hungry regime. Usually this time coincides with the time of the end of anesthesia, which manifests itself in the form of the disappearance of sensations of a numb language.

Diet

Approximately 14 days before the planned manipulation, as well as some time after the gastroscopy, it is recommended to follow a diet, eat right. The doctor should warn about it. If he did not, you need to look at the situation. After a gastroscopy, the diet should be observed until complete recovery, until the discomfort disappears completely.

Food should be light, balanced. It is necessary to use as little fatty, sharp products as possible. Roast and smoked meat will not do good. It is better to eat dishes boiled, or steamed.

It is recommended to eat more hot (first) dishes.

From alcoholic beverages, coffee is also better to abstain. It is more useful instead of coffee to use tea, a herbal decoction.

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Preparing for a child's gastroscopy

Performing gastroscopy for children is much more difficult. But do not worry too much. Children have a more delicate mucous, more vulnerable. It has many more vessels that are easily damaged. The muscular layer is not developed enough. Therefore, special endoscopes of reduced size are used for children. Their diameter does not exceed 6-9 mm. If the child is older than years, anesthesia will not be required.

For children under 6 years of age, general anesthesia is needed. Anesthesia is used if the child shows excessive activity, is afraid if his condition is critical, if the study is planned for a relatively long time.

Psychological preparation is important for the child. In advance it is necessary to ask the doctor how to prepare the child psychologically for this procedure. It is important for the child to have the presence of the mother, or another close person, alongside, support.

Otherwise, the preliminary preparation of the child for gastroscopy is no different from that of an adult. The doctor should be informed in advance about taking any medications, about concomitant diseases, possible allergic reactions. Then you need to discuss with your doctor the specifics of the procedure.

A few days before the procedure should follow a diet. The last meal should be the night before. Drinking is prohibited 3 hours before the procedure.

Contraindications

Despite the high information value of the method, and relative harmlessness, there are contraindications to its use. So, gastroscopy is contraindicated in various types of insufficiency: cardiac, renal, and hepatic. Also, the procedure is contraindicated in case of an infarction, stroke, circulatory disorders. The procedure can be contraindicated for aneurysms, hypertension, circulatory disorders. Even severe mental disorders may be the reason for refusing to perform the procedure.

However, there are cases when gastroscopy is performed even despite contraindications. This happens in emergency situations, such as acute myocardial infarction.

In other cases, the procedure without prior consultation with a gastroenterologist is not possible. The doctor evaluates all the risks and benefits, and concludes whether it is worth the procedure.

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